The Evolution of Life-History Traits in Mosquitofish Since Their Introduction to Hawaii in 1905: Rates of Evolution, Heritabilities, and Developmental Plasticity
The Evolution of Life-History Traits in Mosquitofish Since Their Introduction to Hawaii in 1905: Rates of Evolution, Heritabilities, and Developmental Plasticity
复制标题
自 1905 年引入夏威夷以来食蚊鱼生活史特征的演变：进化率、遗传力和发育可塑性
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Stearns
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Stearns
!“#$%&'（）*+'，$'概要。1905年，食蚊鱼被引入到哈？- 是的收集至少250鱼从24个水库，4个稳定和20个波动的水位，表明有小，但显着差异的生活史特征的鱼类从稳定和波动类的水库，和大，信号？不同水库的种群间存在显著差异。从2个稳定和4个波动水库的鱼，然后提出了在个别容器中控制食物和温度。年龄和长度在成熟，生长速度和大小的后代之间的股票都有显着差异。广义遗传力显着大于零的女性年龄在成熟的鱼从两个稳定的水库之一，和男性垫？四个变动水库中的两个水库的鱼类的营养特性。从实验室饲养的种群的平均值之间的最大差异，并假设自1905年以来的140代和连续变化计算的进化率，范围从0.1%到0.5%的每一代性状的平均值。变化更快的性状也更具表型可塑性，因此表明表型可塑性不能解释化石记录中的停滞。塑料轨迹的概念进行了介绍和举例说明，并预测年龄和长度在成熟时应如何改变压力下的生物体与不同的人口历史。
!"#$%&'()*+',$'Synopsis. In 1905, mosquitofish were introduced to sugar plantation reservoirs in Ha? waii. Collections of at least 250 fish from each of 24 reservoirs, 4 stable and 20 fluctuating in water level, demonstrated that there were small but significant differences in the life history traits of fish from stable and fluctuating classes of reservoirs, and large and sig? nificant differences among stocks from individual reservoirs. Fish from 2 stable and 4 fluctuating reservoirs were then raised in individual containers with controlled food and temperature. Age and length at maturity, growth rates, and size of offspring all differed significantly among stocks. Broad-sense heritabilities were significantly greater than zero for female age at maturity for fish from one of two stable reservoirs, and for male mat? uration traits for fish from two of four fluctuating reservoirs. Rates of evolution, calculated from the maximum difference between the means of lab-raised stocks and assuming 140 generations since 1905 and continuous change, ranged from 0.1% to 0.5% of the average value of the trait per generation. The traits that changed more rapidly were also more phenotypically plastic, thus suggesting that phenotypic plasticity cannot account for stasis in the fossil record. The concept of plastic trajectories is introduced and exemplified, and predictions are made about how age and length at maturity should alter under stress for organisms with different demographic histories.