Programmed cell death and apoptosis--where it came from and where it is going: from Elie Metchnikoff to the control of caspases.
Programmed cell death and apoptosis--where it came from and where it is going: from Elie Metchnikoff to the control of caspases.
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发表时间：
2012-10
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通讯作者：
Nader Maghsoudi;Zahra Zakeri;R. Lockshin
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作者：
Nader Maghsoudi;Zahra Zakeri;R. Lockshin
细胞死亡的故事始于细胞生物学的起源，包括Elie(Ilya)Metchnikoff的重要观察，他意识到吞噬细胞吞噬了死亡的细胞。早期的大多数研究都是观察性的。到了20世纪中期，研究人员开始探索细胞是如何死亡的，已经认识到细胞死亡是一个生理控制的过程，最常见的死亡模式(收缩坏死，后来的凋亡)得到了严格的控制，并推测溶酶体是否是“自杀袋”。就在1990年之前，几项发现导致该领域的兴趣迅速扩大，并阐明了细胞凋亡的机制。接近21世纪初，对控制和影响细胞凋亡的分子的综合分析导致得出结论，自噬过程与细胞凋亡有关，可能有助于限制或增加细胞死亡。今天，意识到对细胞死亡成分的了解还没有产生具有治疗价值的药物，研究转向了什么代谢或其他机制间接控制细胞死亡正反馈回路的激活或抑制的问题。本文是题为《细胞凋亡：四十年后》特刊的一部分。
The story of cell death began with the origins of cell biology, including important observations by Elie (Ilya) Metchnikoff, who realized that phagocytes engulfed dying cells. Most of the early studies were observational. By the middle of the 20th C, researchers were beginning to explore how cells died, had recognized that cell death was a physiologically controlled process, that the most common mode of death ("shrinkage necrosis", later apoptosis) was tightly controlled, and were speculating whether lysosomes were "suicide bags". Just prior to 1990 several discoveries led to rapid expansion of interest in the field and elucidation of the mechanisms of apoptosis. Closer to the beginning of the 21st C comprehensive analysis of the molecules that controlled and effected apoptosis led to the conclusion that autophagic processes were linked to apoptosis and could serve to limit or increase cell death. Today, realizing that knowledge of the components of cell death has not yet produced pharmaceuticals of therapeutic value, research is turning to questions of what metabolic or other mechanisms indirectly control the activation or suppression of the cell death positive feedback loop. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later"