Effects of phorbol esters in carp (Cyprinus carpio L).
Effects of phorbol esters in carp (Cyprinus carpio L).
复制标题
佛波酯对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio L）的影响。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Makkar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Becker;H. Makkar
分别饲喂0、3.75、7.5、15、31、62.5、125、250、500和1000微克/g的磷酯饲料。麻疯树果实中酚酯类化合物。麻疯树对人类、啮齿动物和牲畜的毒性已被报道，而佛酚酯已被确定为主要的毒性物质。当磷酯浓度为31微克/克或更高时，对鲤鱼的不良影响是平均代谢生长速率降低、粪便粘液产生和饲料排斥。在上述浓度下，7 d试验期鲤鱼平均代谢生长率（g/kg 0.8/d）分别为15.4a、14.4a、12.5ab、12.4ab、10.9b、3.4c、0.2c、-3.8d、-4.9d和-5.6d。不添加佛波酯的9 d恢复期值分别为16.0a、15.6a、14.9a、15.6a、53 b、16 b、4.6bc、6.3bc、7.8c和8.2c。佛波酯的副作用是可逆的，因为从饮食中去除这些酯会导致体重增加。在研究的任何浓度下，都没有鱼死亡。饲料中添加抗氧化剂维生素C的水平为0.4%和2%，并不能防止磷酯的不良反应。对鲤鱼造成不良影响的阈值水平是饲料中每克15微克或饲料中每克15 ppm。鲤鱼对佛酚酯非常敏感，因此它们是测定这些化合物的有用物种。这种生物测定法与其他分析方法在开发含有佛酚酯的农工产品（如麻疯树粕或麻疯树油）的脱毒过程中具有巨大的用途，并可作为监测工业脱毒过程中连续阶段的质量控制方法。
Carp (Cyprinus carpio L) were fed diets containing phorbol esters at concentrations of 0, 3.75, 7.5, 15, 31, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 micrograms/g feed. Phorbol esters were from Jatropha curcas nuts. Jatropha curcas toxicity has been reported in humans, rodents and livestock, and phorbol esters have been identified as the main toxic agent. The adverse effects observed in carp at phorbol esters concentrations of 31 micrograms/g or higher were lower average metabolic growth rate, fecal mucus production and rejection of feed. Average metabolic growth rates (g/kg 0.8/d) in a 7-d experimental period during which diets containing phorbol esters were fed to carp (values with different letters being significantly different) were 15.4a, 14.4a, 12.5ab, 12.4ab, 10.9b, 3.4c, 0.2c, -3.8d, -4.9d and -5.6d, respectively, at the above mentioned concentrations. The values for the recovery phase of 9-d during which phorbol esters were not included in the diet were 16.0a, 15.6a, 14.9a, 15.6a, 5.3b, 1.6b, 4.6bc, 6.3bc, 7.8c and 8.2c, respectively. The adverse effects of phorbol esters were reversible since withdrawal of the esters from the diets led to gain in body mass. None of the fish died at any of the concentrations studied. Incorporation of vitamin C, an antioxidant, at levels of 0.4 and 2% in the feed did not prevent occurrence of the adverse effects of the phorbol esters. The threshold level at which phorbol esters appeared to cause adverse effects in carp was 15 micrograms/g feed or 15 ppm in the diet. Carp were highly sensitive to phorbol esters, thus making them a useful species for bioassay of these compounds. This bioassay together with other analytic procedures could be of immense use in the development of detoxification processes for agro-industrial products containing phorbol esters, such as jatropha meal or jatropha oil, and as a quality control method to monitor successive stages in industrial detoxification processes.