The pancreatic beta-cell as a fuel sensor: An electrophysiologist's viewpoint
The pancreatic beta-cell as a fuel sensor: An electrophysiologist's viewpoint
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DOI：
10.1007/s001250050706
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Rorsman, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rorsman, P
胰腺β细胞充当整个身体的燃料传感器，并通过分泌降血糖激素胰岛素，通过调节葡萄糖摄取和释放将血糖浓度控制在狭窄的范围内。在过去的30年中，生物化学和超微结构方法的结合导致了对葡萄糖和其他营养素调节胰岛素释放过程的理解的巨大进展。也已经使用电生理学技术研究了β细胞，并且因此发现其是电可兴奋的，并且当暴露于葡萄糖和其他分泌刺激物时其膜电位经历复杂的变化。膜片钳技术在胰岛制备中的应用彻底改变了对生物电过程如何参与β细胞燃料感测的理解。一个重要的成就是确定了ATP敏感的K+通道作为β细胞的静息和葡萄糖敏感的膜电导。该通道也构成了低血糖磺脲类药物的靶点：磺脲类药物是一组已成功用于治疗胰岛素依赖型糖尿病数十年的化合物。
The pancreatic beta cell serves as the fuel sensor of the entire body and controls, via secretion of the hypoglycaemic hormone insulin, the blood glucose concentrations within narrow limits by regulation of glucose uptake and release. During the last 30 years, a combination of biochemical and ultrastructural approaches has resulted in dramatic progress in the understanding of the processes by which glucose and other nutrients modulate the release of insulin. The beta cells have also been investigated using electrophysiological techniques and were thus found to be electrically excitable and to undergo complex changes in their membrane potential when exposed to glucose and other stimulators of secretion. The application of the patch-clamp technique to the pancreatic islet preparations has revolutionized the understanding of how bioelectrical processes participate in the fuel-sensing of the beta cell. An important achievement was the identification of an ATP-sensitive K+-channel as the resting and glucose-sensitive membrane conductance of the beta cell. This channel also constitutes the target of the hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas: a group of compounds which have been used successfully in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for several decades.