Quantifying Domestic Used Electronics Flows using a Combination of Material Flow Methodologies: A US Case Study.
Quantifying Domestic Used Electronics Flows using a Combination of Material Flow Methodologies: A US Case Study.
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使用物质流方法组合量化国内二手电子产品流：美国案例研究。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
R. Kirchain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. R. Miller;H. Duan;J. Gregory;R. Kahhat;R. Kirchain
本文介绍了范围，方法，数据和全面的定量分析的生成，库存和收集的二手电脑和显示器在美国，特别是台式机，笔记本电脑，CRT显示器和平板显示器在10年到2010年。产生是指直接从使用或使用后存储中产生的用于处置或收集的旧电子产品，其中包括收集旧电子产品以进行回收或再利用的各种组织。由于缺乏关于旧电子产品流动的实际统计数据，采用了两种不同的方法，即销售过时方法和调查扩大方法，以比较所获得的结果，并提供估计数量的范围。本研究旨在捕捉估计值中的不确定性。为此，每个数据集的不确定性被纳入在每个阶段使用Monte Carlo模拟SOM和建立场景SSUM。考虑到两种方法的平均结果，我们估计2010年美国产生了13万-16.4万公吨的旧计算机和12.8万-15.3万公吨的旧显示器，其中11万-11.6万吨的旧计算机和10.5万-10.6万吨的旧显示器被收集用于进一步的再利用、回收或出口。虽然每种方法都有其优点和缺点，但SOM和SSUM似乎都能够为旧电子产品的产生和收集提供合理的估计范围。
This paper describes the scope, methods, data, and results of a comprehensive quantitative analysis of generation, stock, and collection of used computers and monitors in the United States , specifically desktops, laptops, CRT monitors, and flat panel monitors in the decade leading up to 2010. Generation refers to used electronics coming directly out of use or postuse storage destined for disposal or collection, which encompasses a variety of organizations gathering used electronics for recycling or reuse. Given the lack of actual statistics on flows of used electronics, two separate approaches, the sales obsolescence method (SOM) and the survey scale-up method (SSUM), were used in order to compare the results attained and provide a range for estimated quantities. This study intentionally sought to capture the uncertainty in the estimates. To do so, uncertainty in each data set was incorporated at each stage using Monte Carlo simulations for SOM and establishing scenarios for SSUM. Considering the average results across both methods, we estimate that in 2010 the U.S. generated 130-164 thousand metric tons of used computers and 128-153 thousand tons of used monitors, of which 110-116 thousand tons of used computers and 105-106 thousand tons of used monitors were collected for further reuse, recycling, or export. While each approach has its strengths and weaknesses, both the SOM and the SSUM appear to be capable of producing reasonable ranges of estimates for the generation and collection of used electronics.