The sustainable materials roadmap
The sustainable materials roadmap
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DOI：
10.1088/2515-7639/ac4ee5
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发表时间：
2022-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Anderson, Paul A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Titirici, Magda;Baird, Sterling G.;Anderson, Paul A.
在过去的150年里，我们生产和转化工程材料的能力造就了我们现在的高生活水平，特别是在发达经济体。然而，我们必须仔细考虑我们对以如此快的速度创造和使用材料的上瘾将对后代产生的影响。我们目前制造和使用材料的方式对地球造成了不利影响，造成了许多严重的环境问题。它通过危及经济、能源和气候的未来来影响下一代。我们正处在某种东西必须彻底改变的时刻，它必须现在改变。我们必须利用自然原材料和来自自然的灵感创造更可持续的材料替代品，同时确保不会耗尽重要资源，即与食物链供应链竞争。我们必须使用更少的材料，消除有毒材料的使用，创造以重复利用和回收为优先事项的循环材料经济。我们必须开发可持续的材料回收方法，并鼓励可拆卸设计。我们必须着眼于从原材料到使用结束的整个材料生命周期，并根据可靠和相关的数据进行彻底的生命周期评估，以量化可持续性。鉴于我们面临着资源稀缺和地理限制，我们需要认真开始考虑我们未来的材料将从哪里来，以及我们如何追踪它们。这对于开发新的可持续能源技术尤其重要，这是我们向净零过渡的关键。目前，“关键材料”是可持续能源系统的核心组成部分，因为它们的性能最佳。几个例子包括用于风力涡轮机的稀土金属(Dy，ND，Pr)永磁体，用于锂离子电池的Li和Co，用于燃料电池和电解器的铂和Ir，用于太阳能电池的硅，仅举几例。这些材料被欧盟和能源部归类为“关键”材料。除了可持续能源，材料也是包装、建筑和纺织工业以及许多其他工业部门的关键组成部分。这份路线图是由在可持续材料这一非常重要的领域中从事跨学科工作的知名研究人员编写的，旨在突出必须解决的突出问题，并提供对可持续材料界采取的解决这些问题的途径的洞察。在编制这份路线图时，我们希望帮助更广泛的可持续材料研究社区的发展，为学术界、工业界、政府和资助机构在这一至关重要且快速发展的研究领域提供指导，这是未来可持续发展的关键。
Over the past 150 years, our ability to produce and transform engineered materials has been responsible for our current high standards of living, especially in developed economies. However, we must carefully think of the effects our addiction to creating and using materials at this fast rate will have on the future generations. The way we currently make and use materials detrimentally affects the planet Earth, creating many severe environmental problems. It affects the next generations by putting in danger the future of the economy, energy, and climate. We are at the point where something must drastically change, and it must change now. We must create more sustainable materials alternatives using natural raw materials and inspiration from nature while making sure not to deplete important resources, i.e. in competition with the food chain supply. We must use less materials, eliminate the use of toxic materials and create a circular materials economy where reuse and recycle are priorities. We must develop sustainable methods for materials recycling and encourage design for disassembly. We must look across the whole materials life cycle from raw resources till end of life and apply thorough life cycle assessments (LCAs) based on reliable and relevant data to quantify sustainability. We need to seriously start thinking of where our future materials will come from and how could we track them, given that we are confronted with resource scarcity and geographical constrains. This is particularly important for the development of new and sustainable energy technologies, key to our transition to net zero. Currently 'critical materials' are central components of sustainable energy systems because they are the best performing. A few examples include the permanent magnets based on rare earth metals (Dy, Nd, Pr) used in wind turbines, Li and Co in Li-ion batteries, Pt and Ir in fuel cells and electrolysers, Si in solar cells just to mention a few. These materials are classified as 'critical' by the European Union and Department of Energy. Except in sustainable energy, materials are also key components in packaging, construction, and textile industry along with many other industrial sectors. This roadmap authored by prominent researchers working across disciplines in the very important field of sustainable materials is intended to highlight the outstanding issues that must be addressed and provide an insight into the pathways towards solving them adopted by the sustainable materials community. In compiling this roadmap, we hope to aid the development of the wider sustainable materials research community, providing a guide for academia, industry, government, and funding agencies in this critically important and rapidly developing research space which is key to future sustainability.