Water conservation awareness and practices in households receiving improved water supply: A gender-based analysis
Water conservation awareness and practices in households receiving improved water supply: A gender-based analysis
复制标题
获得改善供水的家庭的节水意识和做法：基于性别的分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.169
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Niu Haipeng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tong Yan;Fan Liangxin;Niu Haipeng
采用节水措施（WCPs）对节约用水至关重要。然而，影响与水消费有关的行为变化的因素仍然不清楚，特别是那些与性别差异和妇女对水消费方案的看法有关的因素。这些因素往往导致公共政策无效。本研究通过对北方农村622名居民（男304，女318）的详细调查，分析了居民对WCPs的意识、感知和个人行为控制的影响，以及性别（男、女）对WCPs的影响。采用单因素方差分析和结构方程模型对数据进行分析。答复者对WCP的认识程度很高，但报告说WCP的参与率很低，特别是在男性用户中。女性用户消耗的水量是男性用户的两倍，并且采用的WCP也比男性用户多。节约水费是女性用户实施WCP的主要动机，而男性用户则是为了缓解供水短缺。日常生活的变化和额外的时间和体力劳动是妇女接触者的主要障碍，特别是对男性使用者来说。此外，男性用户的WCPs受到个人行为控制和对保护的态度的高度影响，而对于女性用户，WCPs受到预期结果和社会规范的高度影响。结果中的重大性别差异强调了在公共政策和社区方案中确保信息透明度和跨性别、用户和当局的沟通的必要性，以弥补性别差距，并促进公众采用妇女行动计划。
Adoption of water conservation practices (WCPs) is essential to save water. However, the factors that affect changes in behaviour related to water consumption remain unclear, particularly those related to gender differences and women's views towards WCPs. These factors often result in ineffective public policies. In this study, we analysed the effects of consciousness, perceptions and individual behaviour control towards WCPs, as well as the influence of gender (i.e. male and female) on residents' WCPs via a detailed survey of 622 residents (female: 318, male: 304) in rural northern China. Data were analysed using a one-way ANOVA and structural equation model. The respondents had a high degree of awareness of WCPs but reported low participation in WCPs, particularly among male users. Female users consumed twice as much water and adopted more WCPs than male users. Saving water bill was the main incentive for female users to practise WCPs, whereas that for male users was to alleviate water supply shortage. Daily routine changes and additional time and physical efforts were the main barriers for WCPs, particularly for male users. In addition, WCPs of male users were highly affected by individual behaviour control and attitude towards conservation, whereas for female users, WCPs were highly affected by expected results and social norms. The significant gender disparities in the results emphasise the need to ensure information transparency and communication across gender, users, and authorities in public policies and community programs to fix gender gaps and to enhance adoption of WCPs by the public.