Transgenerational plasticity in marine sticklebacks: maternal effects mediate impacts of a warming ocean
Transgenerational plasticity in marine sticklebacks: maternal effects mediate impacts of a warming ocean
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.12280
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
L. Shama;Anneli Strobel;F. Mark;K. M. Wegner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Shama;Anneli Strobel;F. Mark;K. M. Wegner
摘要1.我们的研究讨论了非遗传和遗传遗传在海洋变暖情景下塑造种群适应潜力的作用。我们使用了一种联合的实验方法[跨代可塑性（TGP）和数量遗传学]来划分母体与父体（加性遗传）效应对后代体型（适应性的关键组成部分）的相对贡献，并研究了潜在的生理机制（线粒体呼吸能力）整个生物体的生长/大小响应。2.在生长的早期阶段（长达30天），海洋刺鱼的后代体型受益于母体TGP：适应17 °C的母亲的后代在17 °C下饲养时体型较大，适应21 °C的母亲的后代在21 °C下饲养时体型较大。对于在较温暖（21 °C）环境中饲养的后代，母体TGP对体型的益处更强，持续时间更长（长达60天），这表明母体效应与该系统中的气候变化情景高度相关。3.线粒体呼吸能力测定的成熟后代（F1成人）相匹配的模式TGP少年的身体大小，提供了一个直观的机械基础的母亲驯化持续到成年期。在早期生长阶段看到的温度之间的大小差异仍然存在于F1成年人中，将后代的身体大小与线粒体的母系遗传联系起来。4.在温暖的环境中，较低的母体方差分量主要是由母亲适应环境（较冷）条件驱动的，进一步支持了我们的宗旨，即母体效应在高温下更强。重要的是，所有的亲子温度组合组显示基因型9环境（G9 E）的相互作用，这表明反应规范有可能演变。5.总的来说，三峡工程和G9 E相互作用协调一致，调解海洋变暖对海洋刺鱼代谢能力和早期生长的影响。三峡工程可以缓冲气候变暖的短期不利影响，并可能为遗传适应赶上赢得时间，因此显着有助于气候变化下种群的进化潜力和持久性。
Summary 1. Our study addresses the role of non-genetic and genetic inheritance in shaping the adaptive potential of populations under a warming ocean scenario. We used a combined experimental approach [transgenerational plasticity (TGP) and quantitative genetics] to partition the relative contribution of maternal vs. paternal (additive genetic) effects to offspring body size (a key component of fitness), and investigated a potential physiological mechanism (mitochondrial respiration capacities) underlying whole-organism growth/size responses. 2. In very early stages of growth (up to 30 days), offspring body size of marine sticklebacks benefited from maternal TGP: offspring of mothers acclimated to 17 °C were larger when reared at 17 °C, and offspring of mothers acclimated to 21 °C were larger when reared at 21 °C. The benefits of maternal TGP on body size were stronger and persisted longer (up to 60 days) for offspring reared in the warmer (21 °C) environment, suggesting that maternal effects will be highly relevant for climate change scenarios in this system. 3. Mitochondrial respiration capacities measured on mature offspring (F1 adults) matched the pattern of TGP for juvenile body size, providing an intuitive mechanistic basis for the maternal acclimation persisting into adulthood. Size differences between temperatures seen at early growth stages remained in the F1 adults, linking offspring body size to maternal inheritance of mitochondria. 4. Lower maternal variance components in the warmer environment were mostly driven by mothers acclimated to ambient (colder) conditions, further supporting our tenet that maternal effects were stronger at elevated temperature. Importantly, all parent–offspring temperature combination groups showed genotype 9 environment (G 9 E) interactions, suggesting that reaction norms have the potential to evolve. 5. To summarize, TGP and G 9 E interactions work in concert to mediate impacts of ocean warming on metabolic capacity and early growth of marine sticklebacks. TGP can buffer short-term detrimental effects of climate warming and may buy time for genetic adaptation to catch up, therefore markedly contributing to the evolutionary potential and persistence of populations under climate change.