Structural Constraints, Risky Lifestyles, and Repeat Victimization
Structural Constraints, Risky Lifestyles, and Repeat Victimization
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DOI：
10.1007/s10940-016-9334-5
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发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Piquero, Alex R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Turanovic, Jillian J.;Pratt, Travis C.;Piquero, Alex R.
研究表明，改变危险行为习惯的受害者能够更好地避免将来再次受害。然而，一些受害者改变行为的能力可能会受到 Hindelang 等人的限制。个人犯罪受害者：个人受害理论的实证基础。 Ballinger，Cambridge（1978）称之为“结构性约束”。为了评估这个问题，我们确定：（1）居住在具有结构性限制（例如，集中劣势）的社区的受害者在受害后是否更有可能继续从事危险行为（例如，犯罪、吸毒和酗酒）； (2)继续从事危险生活方式的受害者是否会增加重复受害的可能性。使用来自“终止途径研究”的十波数据（跨越近7年），估计多层次模型来检查危险生活方式的变化和受害者子样本中的重复受害。研究结果表明，社区层面的结构约束限制了受害者对其危险生活方式的改变，并且这些变化影响了重复受害。我们的结论是，在重复受害，结构性限制既真实又重要，未来的理论和研究应继续探索背景如何塑造和影响受害者的行为习惯。
Research indicates that victims who make changes to their risky behavioral routines are better able to avoid being victimized again in the future. Nevertheless, some victims' abilities to change their behaviors may be limited by what Hindelang et al. in Victims of personal crime: an empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization. Ballinger, Cambridge (1978) referred to as "structural constraints." To assess this issue, we determine: (1) whether victims who reside in communities characterized by structural constraints (e.g., concentrated disadvantage) are more likely to continue engaging in risky behaviors (e.g., offending, illicit drug use, and getting drunk) after being victimized; and (2) whether victims who continue to engage in risky lifestyles have an increased likelihood of repeat victimization.Ten waves of data (spanning nearly 7 years) from the Pathways to Desistance Study are used, and multilevel models are estimated to examine changes to risky lifestyles and repeat victimization among a subsample of victims.Findings indicate that community-level structural constraints impose limits on the changes that victims make to their risky lifestyles, and that these changes influence repeat victimization.We conclude that, in the context of repeat victimization, structural constraints are both real and consequential, and that future theory and research should continue to explore how context shapes and influences victims' behavioral routines.