Relation of shame and guilt to constructive versus destructive responses to anger across the lifespan
Relation of shame and guilt to constructive versus destructive responses to anger across the lifespan
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.797
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发表时间：
1996-04-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Gramzow, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tangney, JP;Wagner, PE;Gramzow, R
本研究探讨了302名儿童（4-6年级），427名青少年（7-11年级），176名大学生和194名成年人的羞耻倾向和内疚倾向与建设性和破坏性愤怒反应的关系。在所有年龄段中，羞耻倾向明显与对愤怒的适应不良反应有关，包括恶意意图;直接，间接和替代性攻击;自我导向的敌意;以及负面的长期后果。相反，内疚倾向与处理愤怒的建设性手段有关，包括建设性的意图，纠正措施和与愤怒目标的非敌意讨论，对目标角色的认知重新评估，以及积极的长期后果。逃避者扩散反应表现出一些有趣的发展趋势。在儿童中，这些维度与内疚呈正相关，与羞耻感基本无关;在老年参与者中，结果喜忧参半。
This study explored the relation of shame proneness and guilt proneness to constructive versus destructive responses to anger among 302 children (Grades 4-6), 427 adolescents (Grades 7-11), 176 college students, and 194 adults. Across all ages, shame proneness was clearly related to maladaptive responses to anger, including malevolent intentions; direct, indirect, and displaced aggression; self-directed hostility; and negative long-term consequences. In contrast, guilt proneness was associated with constructive means of handling anger, including constructive intentions, corrective action and nonhostile discussion with the target of the anger, cognitive reappraisals of the target's role, and positive long-term consequences. Escapist-diffusing responses showed some interesting developmental trends. Among children, these dimensions were positively correlated with guilt and largely unrelated to shame; among older participants, the results were mixed.