Sign languages in their historical context
Sign languages in their historical context
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历史背景下的手语
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
S. Fischer
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Fischer
手语几乎出现在有聋人的地方。根据定义，聋人听不见，但大多数人有完整的语言能力，语言会以这样或那样的方式出现。虽然有一些记录在案的例子，手语已经发明，他们的出现一般是自发的。当聋人达到临界数量时，就像学校里经常发生的那样，一种完全发展的手语的出现可能会非常迅速。在下文中，我将概述我们对手语历史的了解。我将主要集中在美国手语（ASL）的历史上，但也将讨论日本手语家族（包括日本，韩国和台湾手语）的历史发展。像克里奥尔语这样的手语相对来说比较年轻，并且有一些关于它们起源的文献，这在历史语言学中几乎是独一无二的。
Sign languages arise almost anywhere there are deaf people. By defi nition, deaf people cannot hear, but most have an intact capacity for language, and language will out one way or another. While there are a few documented instances where sign languages have been invented, their emergence is generally spontaneous. When there is a critical mass of deaf people, as often occurs at school, the emergence of a fully developed sign language can be extremely rapid. In what follows, I shall give an overview of what we know about the history of signed languages. I shall concentrate mostly on the history of American Sign Language (ASL), but will also discuss historical developments in the Japanese Sign Language family (which comprises Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese sign languages). Sign languages, like creoles, are relatively young, and there is some documentation on their beginnings, which is nearly unique in historical linguistics.