Re-envisioning personhood from the perspective of Japanese philosophy: Watsuji Tetsuro's Aidagara-based ethics
Re-envisioning personhood from the perspective of Japanese philosophy: Watsuji Tetsuro's Aidagara-based ethics
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从日本哲学的角度重新审视人格：和二哲朗的相田伦理
DOI：
10.1080/00131857.2021.1897571
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Sugita Hirotaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
山下晃一・高野和子・勝野正章・清田夏代;篠原岳司・高橋哲・藤村祐子・榎景子;高野和子;植田 健男;佐藤一子・大安喜一・丸山英樹編;佐尾ちとせ・宮城信・田中弥生;高野和子;山下晃一;中山 智貴・行壽 浩司・田中 伸・吉水裕也;大矢一人;川上泰彦;Sugita Hirotaka
本文以日本哲学家和哲郎的“人”概念为基础，重新构想了严重残疾儿童的人格。在学术文献中，严重残疾儿童由于被认为缺乏智力而被排除在“人”的范畴之外。它始于卡尔·埃利奥特的主张，即人格应该被用作一个浓厚的伦理概念。这个概念有两个特点。首先，它代表了事实（将某人描述为一个人）和价值（对一个人采取道德态度）的融合。第二，它植根于我们丰富的、文化上特有的生活形式中。本文认为，和地的“仁”概念也具有这些特征。和地批判了西方伦理学家把个人意识或意志作为决定人格的出发点。相反，他认为，无论是一个主体还是一个社区本身都不是作为一个实体而存在的，而是它们之间的关系（aidagara）对它们的身份至关重要，我们的交流嵌入在丰富的社会背景中。他通过对日语wordari的词源学研究指出，在发表声明时，一个人既揭示了世界，又意识到了一个人应该对其他人采取的态度。一些评论家，如坂部惠，认为这种自我意识需要我们的关系感的转变。本文利用Watsuji的概念ningento重新设想照顾者和严重残疾儿童之间的关系为基础的关系，因此开放的复杂和丰富的沟通。
This paper re-envisions the personhood of severely disabled children, who are often excluded from the category of human beings in the academic literature due to their perceived lack of mental faculties, based on Japanese philosopher Watsuji Tetsuro’s concept of human beings (ningen). It begins with Carl Elliott’s claim that personhood should be used as a thick ethical concept. This concept has two features. First, it represents a fusion of fact (describing someone as a person) and value (taking an ethical attitude toward a person). Second, it is embedded in our rich and culturally specific forms of life. This paper suggests that Watsuji’s concept ofningenalso has these features. Watsuji criticizes how Western ethicists take individual consciousness or will as their starting point for determining personhood. Instead, he argues that neither a subject nor a community exists as an entity in itself, but that the relationality between them (aidagara) is essential to their identity and that our communication is embedded within rich and social contexts. Through his etymological study of Japanese wordari, Watsuji points out that in making statements, one both discloses the world and becomes aware of the attitude one should take toward other beings. Some commentators, such as Sakabe Megumi, have suggested that such self-awareness entails the transformation of our sense of relationality. This paper leverages Watsuji’s concept ofningento re-envision the relationship between caregivers and severely disabled children as relationality-based and therefore open to complex and rich communication.
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