Damage and recovery from drift of synthetic-auxin herbicide dicamba depends on concentration and varies among floral, vegetative, and lifetime traits in rapid cycling Brassica rapa
Damage and recovery from drift of synthetic-auxin herbicide dicamba depends on concentration and varies among floral, vegetative, and lifetime traits in rapid cycling Brassica rapa
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合成生长素除草剂麦草畏的损害和漂移恢复取决于浓度，并且在快速循环的白菜中花、营养和寿命性状之间存在差异
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149732
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Ashman, Tia-Lynn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ramos, Sergio E.;Rzodkiewicz, Lacey D.;Turcotte, Martin M.;Ashman, Tia-Lynn
除草剂可以从预定的植物转移到非目标物种上。目前尚不清楚漂变是如何影响对适应性很重要的植物功能性状的。为了解决这一问题，我们进行了一项实验，将快速循环的芸苔幼苗暴露在三种漂移浓度（0.5%,1%,10%）的合成生长素麦草畏中。通过比较处理植株和对照植株，我们评估了植物和营养性状的损伤程度、恢复能力以及终生适应度。所有性状对麦草畏暴露的反应均呈浓度依赖性，但因性状类型而异。在0.5%麦草畏处理下，5个花性状中有3个受到影响，而在1%麦草畏处理下，4个花性状和1个营养性状受到负面影响。在10%麦草畏时，所有的花和营养性状都发育不良。总体而言，花性状对所有麦草畏漂移浓度的响应比营养性状更大，并且表现出从无响应（如雌蕊长度）到减少84%（胚珠数）的大范围变化。然而，尽管花性状受麦草畏漂流浓度的影响更大，但它们也比营养性状更容易恢复。终生特征之间也存在差异；开花时间延迟，繁殖适宜度呈浓度依赖性，但最终生物量和总花产量不受影响。总之，我们展示了植物性状对麦草畏反应的实质性差异，并得出结论，说明这种差异对于理解除草剂漂移对植物的全面影响以及这些性状介导的生态相互作用至关重要。
Herbicides can drift from intended plants onto non-target species. It remains unclear how drift impacts plant functional traits that are important for fitness. To address this gap, we conducted an experiment where fast cyclingBrassica rapaplants were exposed to one of three drift concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 10%) of synthetic-auxin dicamba. We evaluated damage to and capacity of floral and vegetative traits to recover as well as lifetime fitness by comparing treated plants to controls. Response to dicamba exposure was concentration-dependent across all traits but varied with trait type. At 0.5% dicamba, three out of five floral traits were affected, while at 1% dicamba, four floral traits and one out of two vegetative traits were negatively impacted. At 10% dicamba all floral and vegetative traits were stunted. Overall, floral traits were more responsive to all dicamba drift concentrations than vegetative traits and displayed a wide range of variation ranging from no response (e.g., pistil length) to up to 84% reduction (ovule number). However, despite floral traits were more affected across the dicamba drift concentrations they were also more likely to recover than the vegetative traits. There was also variation among lifetime traits; the onset of flowering was delayed, and reproductive fitness was negatively affected in a concentration-dependent manner, but the final biomass and total flower production were not affected. Altogether, we show substantial variation across plant traits in their response to dicamba and conclude that accounting for this variation is essential to understand the full impact of herbicide drift on plants and the ecological interactions these traits mediate.