Siberian Ecosystems as Drivers of Cryospheric Climate Feedbacks in the Terrestrial Arctic
Siberian Ecosystems as Drivers of Cryospheric Climate Feedbacks in the Terrestrial Arctic
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DOI：
10.3389/fclim.2021.730943
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
M. Loranty;H. Alexander;Heather Kropp;Anna C. Talucci;E. E. Webb-E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Loranty;H. Alexander;Heather Kropp;Anna C. Talucci;E. E. Webb-E.
气候变暖正在改变北半球陆地上永久冻土和积雪的持久性、时间和分布。这些冰冻圈的变化有许多后果，其中最重要的是与积雪减少导致的反照率降低以及永久冻土融化造成的温室气体排放相关的积极气候反馈。鉴于受影响的陆地面积很大，这些反馈有可能在全球范围内影响气候。因此，了解永久冻土和积雪变化的幅度和速率对于了解气候变化的过程和量化是不可或缺的。然而，虽然多年冻土和积雪在很大程度上受气候控制，但它们的分布和气候影响受到许多相互关联的生态系统过程的影响，这些过程也对气候作出反应，并且在空间和时间上具有高度异质性。从这个角度来看，我们强调了生态系统过程中正在发生的和新出现的变化，这些变化调解了永久冻土和积雪与气候的相互作用。我们的研究重点是西伯利亚东北部的落叶松森林，这里幅员辽阔，生态独特，与其他北极和亚北极地区相比，研究较少。新出现的火情变化加上高地冰有可能促进植被和永久冻土融化的快速区域变化，并具有重要的气候反馈影响。
Climate warming is altering the persistence, timing, and distribution of permafrost and snow cover across the terrestrial northern hemisphere. These cryospheric changes have numerous consequences, not least of which are positive climate feedbacks associated with lowered albedo related to declining snow cover, and greenhouse gas emissions from permafrost thaw. Given the large land areas affected, these feedbacks have the potential to impact climate on a global scale. Understanding the magnitudes and rates of changes in permafrost and snow cover is therefore integral for process understanding and quantification of climate change. However, while permafrost and snow cover are largely controlled by climate, their distributions and climate impacts are influenced by numerous interrelated ecosystem processes that also respond to climate and are highly heterogeneous in space and time. In this perspective we highlight ongoing and emerging changes in ecosystem processes that mediate how permafrost and snow cover interact with climate. We focus on larch forests in northeastern Siberia, which are expansive, ecologically unique, and studied less than other Arctic and subarctic regions. Emerging fire regime changes coupled with high ground ice have the potential to foster rapid regional changes in vegetation and permafrost thaw, with important climate feedback implications.