SPECIALIST PREDATORS, GENERALIST PREDATORS, AND THE MICROTINE RODENT CYCLE
SPECIALIST PREDATORS, GENERALIST PREDATORS, AND THE MICROTINE RODENT CYCLE
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DOI：
10.2307/5465
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发表时间：
1991-02-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
HENTTONEN, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HANSKI, I;HANSSON, L;HENTTONEN, H
(1)两种影响小鼠类种群动态的捕食行为近年来受到越来越多的关注。有人认为，专门的哺乳动物捕食者（小鼬鼠）维持或至少显著地促进了北欧啮齿动物种群的规律的多年周期。多面手捕食者（狐狸、秃鹰、猫等）被认为能稳定南方地区的啮齿动物数量。(2)在同一捕食者-猎物模型中结合两种捕食者，表明通才捕食者对专才捕食者驱动的循环具有稳定作用。(3)在该模型中，随着多面手捕食者数量的增加，最大与最小猎物种群规模之比和捕食周期长度减小。足够多的通才捕食者将极限环转化为一个稳定的平衡点。(4)在芬诺斯坎迪亚地区，多面手食肉动物的数量从北向南显著增加。与模型预测一致，最大鼠密度与最小鼠密度之比减小了一个数量级，周期长度从第七十度平行线到第六十度平行线从5年减小到3年。北纬60度以下没有明显的多年周期。
(1) Two kinds of predation affecting the dynamics of microtine rodent populations have received increasing attention in recent years. It has been suggested that specialist mammalian predators (small mustelids) maintain or at least significantly contribute to the regular multi-annual cycles of rodent populations in northern Europe. Generalist predators (foxes, common buzzards, cats, ect.) are assumed to stabilize rodent populations in more southern localities.(2) Combining the two kinds of predation in the same predator-prey model demonstrates that the generalist predators have a stabilizing effect on a cycle driven by specialist predators.(3) In the model, the ratio of the maximum over the minimum prey population size and the length of the prey cycle decrease with increasing numbers of generalist predators. Sufficiently large numbers of generalist predators convert the limit cycle to a stable equilibrium point.(4) The numbers of generalist predators greatly increase from north to south in Fennoscandia. In agreement with the model predictions, the ratio of the maximum over the minimum rodent density decreases by an order of magnitude, and the length of the cycle decreases from 5 to 3 years, from the seventieth to the sixtieth parallel. There is no clear multiannual cycle below 60-degrees-N.