The influence of otoliths and somatic graviceptors on angular velocity estimation.
The influence of otoliths and somatic graviceptors on angular velocity estimation.
复制标题
耳石和躯体重力感受器对角速度估计的影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
H. Mittelstaedt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Mittelstaedt;H. Mittelstaedt
在三个心理物理实验中，受试者(SS)蒙着眼睛，用白噪声耳机，估计他们的角速度A)在短暂加速到恒定中心或偏心旋转后，B)在减速到完全停止后。当它们旋转超过180度时，SS要么指示，要么操纵客观速度，使主观速度保持不变。当SS处于与地球垂直的姿态时，主观速度呈指数下降，其时间常数取决于范式A中的偏心率，而不是B范式中的偏心率。时间常数线性依赖于离心力的大小，而不是离心力的方向。因此，离心力对感知的角速度有增强作用。相关感觉器官与SS呈放射状、地-水平状分布。当旋转轴位于耳石尾部时，增强作用最小，表明躯干存在重力感受器的作用。这种效应，就像最近发现的躯干重力感受器对姿势感知的影响一样，被证明依赖于腿部位置：当腿部位置从弯曲变为伸展时，增强效应的最小值从耳石尾部约30厘米移至约60厘米。结论是，至少只要速度存储的输出还不为零，用耳石和主干重力接收器测量的离心力就可以提供偏心旋转时角速度的信息。
In three psychophysical experiments subjects (Ss), blindfolded and earphoned with white noise, estimated their angular speed A) after brief acceleration to constant centric or eccentric rotation, and B) after deceleration to a full stop. Ss either indicated whenever they were rotated through 180 degrees, or manipulated the objective velocity such that the subjective one stayed constant. With Ss in an earth-vertical attitude, subjective speed declined exponentially with a time constant that depended on eccentricity in paradigm A, but not in B. The time constant depended linearly on the amount of the centrifugal force, but not on its direction. Thus, centrifugal force has an enhancing effect on perceived angular speed. The relevant sense organs were identified with Ss in a radial, earth-horizontal attitude. The enhancing effect was minimal when the axis of rotation was caudal of the otoliths, indicating an effect of graviceptors in the trunk. This effect, just as the effect of recently discovered truncal graviceptors on the perception of posture, turned out to depend on leg position: The minimum of the enhancing effect shifted from about 30 cm to about 60 cm caudal of the otoliths, when leg position changed from flexed to extended. It is concluded that the centrifugal force, measured by otoliths and truncal graviceptors, serves to provide information on angular velocity at eccentric rotation, at least as long as the output of the velocity storage is not yet zero.