Sex differences in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders: Focus on microglial function and neuroinflammation during development.
Sex differences in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders: Focus on microglial function and neuroinflammation during development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.039
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发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bilbo SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hanamsagar R;Bilbo SD
多种神经系统疾病与患病率或结果的性别差异有关。例如，自闭症主要影响男孩，抑郁症在女性中更常见，帕金森病在男性中更常见，多发性硬化症在女性中更常见。就中风而言，与男性相比，女性的预后较差，健康状况也急剧下降。因此，此类疾病的治疗很困难并且产生不同的结果。尽管如此，在做出治疗决定时很少考虑性别。疾病进展中性别差异的机制尚不清楚，但男性和女性的不同炎症状态与其患某些疾病的倾向之间存在密切联系。由于神经炎症是许多神经系统疾病病理生理学的重要组成部分，因此可以推测，正常发育过程中大脑炎症状态的任何变化都可能导致神经系统和神经退行性疾病的易感性增加。小胶质细胞在炎症的发生和调节中发挥着至关重要的作用，因此小胶质细胞功能的性别差异可以至少部分解释男性和女性神经系统疾病的易感性和结果的差异。了解性别差异背后的机制有助于开发更有针对性、成功率更高的治疗方法，特别是在性别差异最突出的疾病中。
Several neurological conditions are associated with sex differences in prevalence or outcome. For example, autism predominantly affects boys, depression is more common in women, Parkinson's disease more common in men, and Multiple sclerosis in women. In the case of stroke, women have a less favorable outcome and suffer from a more precipitous drop in health status compared to men. As a result, treatment of such diseases is difficult and yields variable results. Despite this, sex is rarely considered when making treatment decisions. The mechanisms underlying sex differences in disease progression are not well understood, however a strong link exists between different inflammation states of men and women and their propensity to develop certain diseases. As neuroinflammation is an important component of pathophysiology in many neurological conditions, it can be speculated that any changes in the state of inflammation in the brain during normal development can potentially lead to an increase in susceptibility to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia play a crucial role in onset and modulation of inflammation and thus sex differences in microglial function could explain, at least in part, differences observed in susceptibilities and outcomes of neurological disorders in men and women. Understanding the mechanisms behind sex differences could help develop more targeted therapy with higher success rate, especially in diseases where sex differences are most prominent.