Combinatorial Psycho-Pharmacological Approaches for the Treatment of Abnormal Aggression.
Combinatorial Psycho-Pharmacological Approaches for the Treatment of Abnormal Aggression.
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治疗异常攻击行为的组合心理药理学方法。
DOI：
10.1038/npp.2017.174
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takahashi,Aki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Golden,SamA;Takahashi,Aki
攻击性是一种高度进化适应的行为，对生存和繁殖至关重要，因此，在物种间具有强烈的行为学保守性。然而，由于环境或生物过程的影响，攻击行为可以从适应性转变为非适应性。这种转变与表现出这种行为的个人及其受害者的有害后果有关。在美国，估计有270万12岁以上的人报告每年经历一次或多次暴力侵害(杜鲁门和摩根，2016)，大约70%的严重暴力受害者直接经历了持续的社会情感问题(朗顿和杜鲁门，2014)。由于暴力对社会健康和福祉的显著影响，一直在努力查明与反常攻击行为发展有关的潜在风险因素。基于人口的纵向前瞻性研究一致地将未来的暴力和犯罪与早年的不幸联系在一起，例如虐待或忽视。引人注目的是，早期忽视是最具破坏性的诱因之一，甚至比人际暴力和身体或性虐待更具破坏性(Gilbert等人，2009)。与人类行为类似，啮齿动物模型中的攻击行为通常被评估为物种典型的或非典型的异常(升级)攻击行为(Miczek等人，2013)。当适应时，啮齿动物的攻击性最常发生在争夺基本资源或保卫领土和后代的背景下。这种典型的物种攻击行为是高度刻板的，通常包括针对入侵者的背部和侧翼的非或低伤害咬伤，当入侵者表现出顺从的信号时，这些行为就会停止。相反，升级的侵略是
Aggression is a highly evolutionarily adaptive behavior that is critical for survival and reproduction, and therefore, strongly ethologically conserved across species. However, due to environmental or biological processes, aggressive behavior can transition from adaptive to maladaptive. This transition is associated with detrimental outcomes for both the individual exhibiting the behavior and their victims. Within the United States, an estimated 2.7 million individuals over the age of 12 report experiencing one or more violent victimizations annually (Truman and Morgan, 2016), and~ 70% of victims of serious violence experience ongoing socio-emotional problems as a direct result (Langton and Truman, 2014). Because of the marked impact violence has on societal health and well-being, there have been efforts to identify the underlying risk factors associated with the development of abnormal aggression. Longitudinal prospective population-based studies have consistently associated future violence and crime with early-life adversities such as abuse or neglect. Strikingly, early-life neglect is one of the most damaging predisposing factors, even more so than inter-personal violence and physical or sexual abuse (Gilbert et al, 2009).Analogous to human behavior, aggression in rodent models is typically assessed as either species-typical or atypical abnormal (escalated) aggression (Miczek et al, 2013). When adaptive, rodent aggression most often occurs within the contexts of competing for essential resources or defending territory and offspring. Such species-typical aggressive behaviors are highly stereotyped, generally consisting of non-or low-injurious bites directed at an intruder’s back and flanks that cease when an intruder displays submissive signals. Conversely, escalated aggression is