Issues, Practices, and Needs for Communicating Evacuation Information to Vulnerable Populations
Issues, Practices, and Needs for Communicating Evacuation Information to Vulnerable Populations
复制标题
向弱势群体传达疏散信息的问题、实践和需求
DOI：
10.3141/2196-17
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Michael Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Turner;W. Evans;Menasse T. Kumlachew;B. Wolshon;V. Dixit;V. Sisiopiku;S. Islam;Michael Anderson
在紧急情况下，向弱势群体有效传达交通相关信息至关重要。尽管其重要性，但各种因素仍然阻碍制定全面有效的计划，以便在疏散和其他重大紧急情况期间向行动不便的个人传达紧急信息。这些限制因素包括弱势群体的广泛多样性、他们的特殊需求、现有的接触和沟通障碍，以及缺乏在紧急情况下找到这些群体并为其提供援助的资源和机制。本文通过对现有文献以及最近从交通和应急管理机构人员收集的实践信息进行严格审查，说明了在紧急疏散中与弱势群体进行沟通的复杂性。首先，本文回顾了弱势群体的定义、特征和规模。接下来，介绍了有效沟通的原则和与弱势群体沟通的特殊规定，以及有效沟通和沟通障碍的例子。最后，本文确定了文献中未讨论的许多重要的紧急疏散通信主题，并提供了弥合这些差距的建议。例子包括专家对紧急疏散通信的参与有限，缺乏有关此类通信的财务方面和成本效益的信息，需要建立一个信息交换所以协助未来的疏散，以及缺乏适当疏散信息的标准化和编目。该文件旨在为制定有效的沟通战略、政策和实践框架奠定基础，这些战略、政策和实践重点关注各种灾害紧急情况之前、期间和之后的弱势群体。
Effective communication of transportation-related information to vulnerable populations is a critical need during emergencies. Despite its importance, various factors still hinder the development of comprehensive and effective plans for communicating emergency information to mobility-limited individuals during evacuations and other major emergencies. Such limiting factors include the wide diversity of vulnerable populations, their special needs, existing contact and communication barriers, and lack of resources and mechanisms to locate those populations and assist them during emergencies. This paper illustrates the complexity of communicating with vulnerable populations in emergency evacuations through a critical review of the existing literature and state-of-the-practice information gathered recently from transportation and emergency management agency personnel. First, the paper reviews definitions, characteristics, and size of the vulnerable population. Next, principles of effective communication and the special provisions for communicating with vulnerable populations are presented, along with examples of effective communications and communications barriers. Finally, the paper identifies numerous important emergency evacuation communications topics that were not discussed in the literature and offers recommendations for bridging those gaps. Examples include the limited involvement of experts in emergency evacuation communication, the lack of information about the financial aspects and cost-effectiveness of such communications, the need to establish an information clearinghouse to assist in future evacuations, and the lack of standardization and cataloging of appropriate evacuation messages. The paper is presented as a foundation for developing a framework for effective communications strategies, policies, and practices that focus on vulnerable populations before, during, and after all-hazards emergencies.