Compensation, punishment, and deterrence: a survey on the purpose of tort damages in the case of a defective car accident in Japan
Compensation, punishment, and deterrence: a survey on the purpose of tort damages in the case of a defective car accident in Japan
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赔偿、惩罚与威慑：日本缺陷车祸侵权损害赔偿目的调查
DOI：
10.1007/s41685-017-0059-8
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Ikeda Yasuhiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mori Daisuke;Takahashi Shuichi;Ikeda Yasuhiro
根据日本侵权法，损害赔偿的主要目的是对受害者进行赔偿。对犯罪者的惩罚和对今后类似行为的威慑只被视为刑事制裁的次要效果和目的。日本法院甚至指出，为惩罚或威慑而征收的惩罚性赔偿违反了日本法律的制度的基本原则。然而，普通日本民众支持这些想法吗？在本研究中，我们通过问卷调查的方式，调查了人们对损害赔偿法律的制度的看法。针对一个关于设计缺陷导致的车祸的故事，我们询问了受访者，他们认为制造商应该向受害者支付多少赔偿金，并询问他们在多大程度上考虑了某些因素，如赔偿和威慑。我们对数据进行了统计分析，发现虽然大多数人在估计适当的损害赔偿额时会考虑赔偿，但许多人也会考虑威慑和惩罚。我们证明，他们越是考虑威慑和惩罚，估计的损害赔偿额就越大。此外，我们发现，差异的损害金额增加沿着的程度，他们认为这些因素。
Under Japanese tort law, the main purpose of damages is the compensation of a victim. The punishment of the offender and determent of similar future conduct are considered only a subordinate effect and the purpose of criminal sanctions. The Japanese court even states that punitive damages that are imposed for punishment or deterrence are contrary to the fundamental principles of the Japanese legal system. However, do ordinary Japanese people support these ideas? In this study, we investigate how the legal system of damages is perceived by means of a survey. In response to a story about a car accident caused by design flaws, we asked respondents how much they think the manufacturer should pay the victim in damages, and inquire as to how much they consider certain factors, such as compensation and deterrence. We statistically analyzed the data and found that although most consider compensation when they estimate the appropriate amount of damages, many consider deterrence and punishment as well. We demonstrate that the more they consider deterrence and punishment, the larger the amount of estimated damages becomes. In addition, we find that variances in the amount of damages increases along with the extent to which they consider these factors.