Progress in Genome Editing Technology and Its Application in Plants.
Progress in Genome Editing Technology and Its Application in Plants.
复制标题
基因组编辑技术及其在植物中的应用进展
DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.00177
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Li M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang K;Raboanatahiry N;Zhu B;Li M
基因组编辑技术（GET）是一种多功能的方法，作为改变生物体基因型和表型的机制，已经迅速发展。然而，传统的基因组修饰技术已经不能满足人们对高效定点突变的需求，人工核酸酶的改造成为这一领域的一条新途径。基于识别靶基因的机制，新开发的甘精胰岛素通常可以细分为三种切割系统，蛋白质依赖性DNA切割系统（即，锌指核酸酶，ZFN，和转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶，TALEN），RNA依赖性DNA切割系统（即，成簇的规则间隔的短回文重复序列-CRISPR相关蛋白，CRISPR-Cas9，CRISPR-Cpf 1，和CRISPR-C2 c1），和RNA依赖性RNA切割系统（即，RNA干扰、RNAi和CRISPR-C2 c2）。所有这些技术都可以导致双链（DSB）或单链断裂（SSB），并且通过非同源末端连接（NHEJ）导致随机突变或通过同源重组（HR）导致靶向突变。因此，可以通过靶基因敲除、敲入或置换来诱导定点诱变，以改变特定的特征，包括形态修饰、抗性增强和生理机制改善沿着植物生长和发育。在本文中，一个非全面的审查不同的甘精胰岛素的发展，适用于植物。
Genome editing technology (GET) is a versatile approach that has progressed rapidly as a mechanism to alter the genotype and phenotype of organisms. However, conventional genome modification using GET cannot satisfy current demand for high-efficiency and site-directed mutagenesis, retrofitting of artificial nucleases has developed into a new avenue within this field. Based on mechanisms to recognize target genes, newly-developed GETs can generally be subdivided into three cleavage systems, protein-dependent DNA cleavage systems (i.e., zinc-finger nucleases, ZFN, and transcription activator-like effector nucleases, TALEN), RNA-dependent DNA cleavage systems (i.e., clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated proteins, CRISPR-Cas9, CRISPR-Cpf1, and CRISPR-C2c1), and RNA-dependent RNA cleavage systems (i.e., RNA interference, RNAi, and CRISPR-C2c2). All these techniques can lead to double-stranded (DSB) or single-stranded breaks (SSB), and result in either random mutations via non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or targeted mutation via homologous recombination (HR). Thus, site-directed mutagenesis can be induced via targeted gene knock-out, knock-in, or replacement to modify specific characteristics including morphology-modification, resistance-enhancement, and physiological mechanism-improvement along with plant growth and development. In this paper, an non-comprehensive review on the development of different GETs as applied to plants is presented.