Relation of Locus Coeruleus Neurons in Monkeys to Pavlovian and Operant Behaviors
Relation of Locus Coeruleus Neurons in Monkeys to Pavlovian and Operant Behaviors
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.91048.2008
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Richmond, Barry J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouret, Sebastien;Richmond, Barry J.
Bouret S，里士满BJ.猴子蓝斑神经元与巴甫洛夫行为和操作行为的关系。神经生理学杂志101：898-911，2009年。首次发表于2008年12月17日; doi：10.1152/jn.91048.2008。去甲肾上腺素是释放整个前脑从蓝斑（LC）的预测在接近时间的情绪和目标导向的事件。为了研究这些过程对LC神经元活动的相互影响，我们使用了一个任务，其中巴甫洛夫和操作性过程各不相同，可以很容易地识别。我们记录了69个单LC神经元从两只猴子执行一项任务，线索表明通过一个，两个或三个操作性试验的时间表的进展。巴甫洛夫反应和阶段性LC激活发生在条件视觉线索（54/69神经元）出现之后，特别是在新时间表开始时，当前试验是否会得到奖励（单次试验时间表）或不（2或3次试验时间表），以及在视觉命令信号引发操作性反应（64/69神经元）之后，当前试验是否会得到奖励。LC反应的调制似乎是相对独立的注意力或动机，因为反应不协变与操作性能的任务。LC反应的大小在整个时间表变化密切相关的巴甫洛夫行为的强度，但这些反应也调制的操作过程。我们的结论是，LC激活发生时，任务相关的刺激引起条件本能（巴甫洛夫）的反应，与激活的强度也被调制的目标导向的过程。因此，蓝斑神经元将刺激引发的原始行为和目标导向行为的信息传播到对执行功能和情绪很重要的前脑结构。
Bouret S, Richmond BJ. Relation of locus coeruleus neurons in monkeys to Pavlovian and operant behaviors. J Neurophysiol 101: 898-911, 2009. First published December 17, 2008; doi: 10.1152/jn.91048.2008. Noradrenaline is released throughout the forebrain from locus coeruleus (LC) projections in close temporal proximity to emotional and goal-directed events. To examine interactive influences of these processes on LC neuronal activity, we used a task where Pavlovian and operant processes vary and can be easily identified. We recorded 69 single LC neurons from two monkeys performing a task where cues indicate the progression through schedules of one, two, or three operant trials. Pavlovian responses and phasic LC activations occur following the appearance of conditioned visual cues (54/69 neurons), especially those at the beginning of new schedules, whether the current trial will be rewarded (single trial schedule) or not (2 or 3 trial schedules), and after visual imperative signals eliciting the operant response (64/69 neurons), whether the current trial will be rewarded or not. The modulation of LC responses seems to be relatively independent of attention or motivation, because the responses do not covary with operant performance in the task. The magnitude of LC responses across the schedules varied in close relation to the intensity of Pavlovian behavior but these responses were also modulated by operant processes. Our conclusion is that LC activation occurs when task-relevant stimuli evoke a conditioned instinctive (Pavlovian) response, with the strength of the activation also being modulated by goal-directed processes. Thus locus coeruleus neurons broadcast information about stimulus-elicited primitive and goal-directed behaviors to forebrain structures important for executive functions and emotions.