Clinical Manifestations of Monkeypox.
Clinical Manifestations of Monkeypox.
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DOI：
10.1007/5584_2022_747
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发表时间：
2023-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Elsaid, Mohamed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abaza, Haneen;Agadi, Kuchalambal;Elsaid, Mohamed
猴痘是由猴痘病毒引起的全球性健康问题。它可以通过呼吸道分泌物、直接接触受感染患者的皮肤病损或接触受污染的物体在人与人之间传播。它在同性恋男性中更常见，大多数患者无症状。诊断的金标准是实时聚合酶链反应。在缺乏检测设施的情况下，临床医生依靠详细的病史来排除发热伴皮疹的其他原因。最初，有几天的前驱症状阶段，随后出现皮疹。皮肤病学表现为皮疹，可通过黄斑期、丘疹期和水疱期转变，结痂后约3周内消失。这些患者可能有相关的淋巴结病。呼吸道症状包括鼻塞和呼吸急促，可能导致继发性细菌感染。此外，患者可以脑炎形式的神经系统受累。此外，眼部受累可能以结膜炎、角膜炎和角膜溃疡的形式发生。其他症状包括腹泻、呕吐、肌痛和背痛。由于大多数患者不需要住院治疗，治疗方法主要是警惕性监测，抗病毒治疗和相关并发症的管理。
Monkeypox is a global health issue caused by the monkeypox virus. It can spread from person to person through respiratory secretions, direct exposure to dermatological lesions of infected patients, or exposure to contaminated objects. It is more common in homosexual men, and most patients are asymptomatic. The gold standard for diagnosis is a real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the absence of testing facilities, clinicians rely upon detailed history to exclude other causes of fever with rashes. Initially, there is a prodrome phase of a few days, which is followed by the appearance of rashes. The dermatological manifestations are in the form of an exanthematous rash, which transforms through a macular, papular, and vesicular phase and disappears after crusting in approximately 3weeks. There can be associated lymphadenopathy in these patients. Respiratory manifestations include nasal congestion and shortness of breath that may result in secondary bacterial infections. Additionally, patients can have neurological involvement in the form of encephalitis. Furthermore, ocular involvement can occur in the form of conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. Other symptoms can include diarrhea, vomiting, myalgia, and backache. Since most patients do not require hospitalization, the approach to treatment is mainly vigilant monitoring, antiviral therapy, and management of associated complications.