RISKS OF TOXIC CONTAMINANTS TO EXPLOITED FISH POPULATIONS - INFLUENCE OF LIFE-HISTORY, DATA UNCERTAINTY AND EXPLOITATION INTENSITY
RISKS OF TOXIC CONTAMINANTS TO EXPLOITED FISH POPULATIONS - INFLUENCE OF LIFE-HISTORY, DATA UNCERTAINTY AND EXPLOITATION INTENSITY
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.5620090306
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
ROSEN, AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BARNTHOUSE, LW;SUTER, GW;ROSEN, AE
我们研究了使用毒性试验数据进行人群水平风险评估的三个方面：(a)生活史特征对污染物诱导应激易损性的影响，(b)试验数据可用性的重要性，(c)开采强度的影响。我们通过将标准毒性测试数据与从墨西哥湾鲱鱼（Brevoortia patronus）和切萨皮克湾条纹鲈鱼（Morone saxatilis）种群长期实地研究中得出的矩阵型种群模型相结合，量化了慢性污染物暴露对种群水平的影响。我们使用统计回归来量化使用从生命周期测试到定量结构-活性关系（QSARs）的测试数据所固有的不确定性，以估计污染物对种群模型的生存和繁殖参数的影响。我们发现，由于生活史的不同，鲱鱼和条纹鲈鱼在维持相同水平的污染物引起的死亡率方面的能力不同。开发强度的变化影响两个种群对相同水平的额外污染物引起的死亡率的反应。然而，与估计短期试验或qsar的长期影响所带来的不确定性相比，这两个因素的定量影响可以忽略不计。我们的研究结果表明，考虑生活史可能是重要的，主要针对具体地点的评估。对于筛选级别的评估，与不同类型的测试数据相关的不确定性的实质性差异是更值得关注的。
We investigated three aspects of the use of toxicity test data for population-level risk assessment: (a) the influence of life history characteristics on vulnerability to contaminant-induced stress, (b) the importance of test data availability and (c) the influence of exploitation intensity. We quantified population-level effects of chronic contaminant exposure by coupling standard toxicity test data to matrix-type population models derived from long-term field studies of the Gulf of Mexico menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) and Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) populations. We used statistical regressions to quantify the uncertainty inherent in using test data ranging from life cycle tests to quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to estimate effects of contaminants on the survival and reproduction parameters of the population models. We found that because of differences in life history, menhaden and striped bass differ in terms of their capacity to sustain the same level of contaminant-induced mortality. Changes in exploitation intensity affect the responses of both populations to the same level of additional contaminant-induced mortality. However, the quantitative effects of both factors are negligible compared to the uncertainty introduced by estimating long-term effects from short-term tests or QSARs. Our results suggest that consideration of life history may be important primarily for site-specific assessments. For screening-level assessments, the substantial differences in uncertainty associated with different types of test data are of much greater concern.