Salivary kynurenic acid response to psychological stress: inverse relationship to cortical glutamate in schizophrenia
Salivary kynurenic acid response to psychological stress: inverse relationship to cortical glutamate in schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1038/s41386-018-0072-2
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Hong, L. Elliot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chiappelli, Joshua;Rowland, Laura M.;Hong, L. Elliot
额叶谷氨酸突触被认为对于适应性、长期应激反应至关重要。前额皮质，包括前扣带皮层 (ACC)，有助于压力感知和调节，并参与外周糖皮质激素和压力炎症反应的自上而下调节。唾液中的犬尿酸（KYNA）水平会因心理压力而增加，这种压力引起的效应在精神分裂症患者中可能是异常的。在这里，我们检验了这样的假设：ACC 谷氨酸功能可能有助于精神分裂症中应激诱导的唾液 KYNA 反应。在 56 名精神分裂症患者和 58 名健康对照中，我们的结果证实唾液中的 KYNA 水平在心理压力后会增加。该效应的强度与患者 ACC 中的质子磁共振波谱 (MRS) 谷氨酸 + 谷氨酰胺 (r = -.31, p =.017) 和谷氨酸 (r = -0.27, p =.047) 水平呈负相关，但在对照组中则不然（所有 p =.45）。尽管在这项横断面研究中无法确定因果关系，但这些发现表明，精神分裂症患者的中央谷氨酸水平与犬尿氨酸途径对压力的反应之间存在潜在有意义的联系。
Frontal glutamatergic synapses are thought to be critical for adaptive, long-term stress responses. Prefrontal cortices, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) contribute to stress perception and regulation, and are involved in top-down regulation of peripheral glucocorticoid and inflammatory responses to stress. Levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in saliva increase in response to psychological stress, and this stress-induced effect may be abnormal in people with schizophrenia. Here we test the hypothesis that ACC glutamatergic functioning may contribute to the stress-induced salivary KYNA response in schizophrenia. In 56 patients with schizophrenia and 58 healthy controls, our results confirm that levels of KYNA in saliva increase following psychological stress. The magnitude of the effect correlated negatively with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) glutamate + glutamine (r = -.31, p =.017) and glutamate (r = -0.27, p =.047) levels in the ACC in patients but not in the controls (all p =.45). Although, a causal relationship cannot be ascertained in this cross-sectional study, these findings suggest a potentially meaningful link between central glutamate levels and kynurenine pathway response to stress in individuals with schizophrenia.