Recycling potential of post-consumer plastic packaging waste in Finland
Recycling potential of post-consumer plastic packaging waste in Finland
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.033
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Anderson, Reetta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dahlbo, Helena;Poliakova, Valeria;Anderson, Reetta
在努力实现循环经济的同时，需要闭合材料循环以保护我们的自然资源，同时，海洋和湖泊中的塑料废料也引起了人们的关注。包装工业是使用塑料最多的部门，因此包装在塑料废物流中占主导地位。本文的目的是总结芬兰消费后塑料包装废物的回收潜力。这一潜力是根据消费者产生的塑料包装废物的数量、组成和机械质量进行评估的，这些塑料包装废物是作为来源分离的部分，在混合城市固体废物（MSW）或能源废物中收集的。根据评估，2014年芬兰产生了86,000-117,000吨（18公斤/人/年）消费后塑料包装废物。2014年，84%的垃圾是混合城市固体废物。由于2016年推出了新的分类设施和消费后塑料包装的单独收集，近40%的消费后塑料包装可用于回收。然而，消费后塑料包装（PET瓶除外）的回收率需要达到50%，才能将整体都市固体废物回收率从目前的41%提高约两个百分点。单型塑料占城市生活垃圾塑料总量的80%，因此按体积计算，城市生活垃圾塑料的回收潜力很高。聚丙烯（PP）和低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）是混合生活垃圾中最常见的塑料类型，其次是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）。如果通过这三种收集方式收集到的所有芬兰塑料包装废弃物都可以回收利用，那么当地市场将有19,000-25,000吨再生PP和6,000 -8000吨再生HDPE。然而，由于仅对混合垃圾塑料部分进行成分研究，该评估包含不确定性。为了获得消费后塑料包装回收潜力的更精确数字，应该对塑料废物的数量和质量进行更多的研究。力学和流变试验结果表明，即使是来自混合生活垃圾的塑料废物也可以作为有用的原料。再生HDPE的力学性能下降幅度小于再生PP。废旧塑料的来源和加工方式对机械质量的影响似乎小于塑料的种类。由于产品特定的质量要求，塑料废物对产品的适用性需要逐个评估。除了机械性能外，塑料废物的化学成分也非常重要，以便能够限制有害物质不受欢迎地流通。除了塑料废物的数量和质量外，在开始运营之前还需要评估整个回收链的可持续性，以便优化该链，为社会和运营商带来环境效益和经济效益。(C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Recycling of plastics is urged by the need for closing material loops to maintain our natural resources when striving towards circular economy, but also by the concern raced by observations of plastic scrap in oceans and lakes. Packaging industry is the sector using the largest share of plastics, hence packaging dominates in the plastic waste flow. The aim of this paper was to sum up the recycling potential of post-consumer plastic packaging waste in Finland. This potential was evaluated based on the quantity, composition and mechanical quality of the plastic packaging waste generated by consumers and collected as a source-separated fraction, within the mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) or within energy waste.Based on the assessment 86,000-117,000 tons (18 kg/person/a) of post-consumer plastic packaging waste was generated in Finland in 2014. The majority, 84% of the waste was in the mixed MSW flow in 2014. Due to the launching of new sorting facilities and separate collections for post-consumer plastic packaging in 2016, almost 40% of the post-consumer plastic packaging could become available for recycling. However, a 50% recycling rate for post-consumer plastic packaging (other than PET bottles) would be needed to increase the overall MSW recycling rate from the current 41% by around two percentage points.The share of monotype plastics in the overall MSW plastics fraction was 80%, hence by volume the recycling potential of MSW plastics is high. Polypropylene (PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) were the most common plastic types present in mixed MSW, followed by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). If all the Finnish plastic packaging waste collected through the three collection types would be available for recycling, then 19,000-25,000 tons of recycled PP and 6000-8000 tons of recycled HDPE would be available on the local market. However, this assessment includes uncertainties due to performing the composition study only on mixed MSW plastic fraction. In order to obtain more precise figures of the recycling potential of post-consumer plastic packaging, more studies should be performed on both the quantities and the qualities of plastic wastes. The mechanical and rheological test results indicated that even plastic wastes originating from the mixed MSW, can be useful raw materials. Recycled HDPE showed a smaller decline in the mechanical properties than recycled PP. The origin and processing method of waste plastic seemed to have less effect on the mechanical quality than the type of plastic. The applicability of a plastic waste for a product needs to be assessed case by case, due to product specific quality requirements. In addition to mechanical properties, the chemical composition of plastic wastes is of major importance, in order to be able to restrict hazardous substances from being circulated undesirably.In addition to quantity and quality of plastic wastes, the sustainability of the whole recycling chain needs to be assessed prior to launching operations so that the chain can be optimized to generate both environmental and economic benefits to society and operators. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.