Emission rates, size distributions, and generation mechanism of oral respiratory droplets
Emission rates, size distributions, and generation mechanism of oral respiratory droplets
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DOI：
10.1080/02786826.2022.2158778
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发表时间：
2022-12-15
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Bzdek, Bryan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harrison, Joshua;Saccente-Kennedy, Brian;Bzdek, Bryan R.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）大流行再次引起人们对呼吸道气溶胶和飞沫产生的关注。虽然许多研究已经对76名成人和儿童使用水敏感纸滴沉积方法产生的气溶胶（直径20 μ m）进行了强有力的量化。研究了不同响度、不同持续发声长度和特定的孤立发声方式的不浊音和浊音活动。我们发现，口腔发音能产生20 μ m液滴，呼吸几乎不产生液滴，而说话和唱歌产生的液滴大约为250 μ m（-1）。嘴唇抖动需要大量的口齿清晰，产生的液滴最多，而大喊“嘿”，需要最少的口齿清晰，产生的液滴相对较少。液滴大小分布大致一致，在儿童和成人队列之间没有发现显着差异。通过比较同一参与者的气溶胶和液滴排放，报告了呼吸性气溶胶的全尺寸分布（0.5-1000 μ m）。虽然20 μ m液滴的质量浓度占主导地位。在10-70 μ m大小范围内准确量化气溶胶浓度仍然非常具有挑战性；需要更可靠的气溶胶分析方法来表征这个尺寸范围。
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought renewed attention to respiratory aerosol and droplet generation. While many studies have robustly quantified aerosol (20 mu m diameter) generated by a cohort of 76 adults and children using a water-sensitive paper droplet deposition approach. Unvoiced and voiced activities spanning different levels of loudness, different lengths of sustained phonation, and a specific manner of articulation in isolation were investigated. We find that oral articulation drives >20 mu m droplet generation, with breathing generating virtually no droplets and speaking and singing generating on the order of 250 droplets min(-1). Lip trilling, which requires extensive oral articulation, generated the most droplets, whereas shouting "Hey," which requires minimal oral articulation, generated relatively few droplets. Droplet size distributions were all broadly consistent, and no significant differences between the children and adult cohorts were identified. By comparing the aerosol and droplet emissions for the same participants, the full size distribution of respiratory aerosol (0.5-1000 mu m) is reported. Although 20 mu m droplets dominate the mass concentration. Accurate quantification of aerosol concentrations in the 10-70 mu m size range remains very challenging; more robust aerosol analysis approaches are needed to characterize this size range.