Activity and Morale: A Longitudinal Study of Selected Elderly Subjects
Activity and Morale: A Longitudinal Study of Selected Elderly Subjects
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活动和士气：对选定的老年受试者的纵向研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
1963
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通讯作者：
G. Maddox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Maddox
经常有报告说，老年人与环境的接触随着年龄的增长而减少。由于积极性与士气呈正相关，据报道，士气也随着年龄的增长而下降。这一论点得到了支持，与资格，从一个纵向研究的数据之间的关系，活动和士气之间的182个非制度化的主题60岁以上。分析的重点是偏差的情况下，并修改预期的年龄，活动和士气之间的关系的因素。选定的健康，态度，和“类型的活动”的因素被证明是有关的概率观察老年受试者低活动，但士气高昂，或高活动，但士气低落。活动和士气之间的关系一直是老年学领域的一个长期研究课题。老年人与环境接触的程度和种类是否与可预测的士气差异（根据控制感、目的性、满意度、乐观主义、归属感、对某种规范秩序的认同或自尊的不同定义）有关，是社会学家和社会心理学家感兴趣的问题，不管他们对老年学有多大兴趣。因为这个问题一般与澄清活动和情感之间的关系有关，并与提交给华盛顿美国社会学协会老年和社会结构科的一篇论文的修订有关。C.的方法，1962.本文所基于的研究部分得到了美国国立卫生研究院格兰特M-900的支持。所涉及的计算是在杜克大学计算实验室进行的，该实验室部分得到了国家科学基金会的支持。1例如，Ruth S. Cavan等人，《老年人的个人适应》（芝加哥：科学研究协会，1949年），第50页及以后。R. J. Havighurst等人，《老年人》（纽约：朗曼、绿色公司，1953年），第285页及以后各页;伯纳德·库特纳：《500比60》（纽约：罗素·塞奇基金会，1956年），第104页及以后。Elaine Cumming和W. E.亨利，《变老》（纽约：基础书籍，1961年）;谢尔顿·托宾和伯尼采·纽加滕，《生活满意度和社会互动》，《老年学杂志》，第16卷（1961年10月），第110页。344-346;和乔治马多克斯和卡尔Maddorfer，“一些相关的活动和道德之间的老年人，”社会力量，第26卷（1962年3月），页。254-260.此内容于2016年9月27日星期二05：01：19 UTC从 207.46.13.21下载所有使用http://about.jstor.org/terms约束
It is frequently reported that, among elderly persons, contact with the environment decreases with age. Since activity is a positive correlate of morale, morale also reportedly decreases with age. This argument is supported, with qualification, by data from a longitudinal study of the relationship between activity and morale among 182 non-institutionalized subjects sixty years of age and over. Analysis focuses on the deviant case and on factors which modify the expected relationship among age, activity, and morale. Selected health, attitudinal, and "type of activity" factors are shown to be related to the probability of observing elderly subjects with low activity but high morale or with high activity but low morale. T he relationiship between activity and morale has been a perennial subject of research in the field of gerontology?I Whether or not (lifferences in the degree and kind of contact which elderly persons have with the environment tend to be associated with predictable differences in morale (variously defined in terms of feelings of control, purposiveness, satisfaction, optimism, belonging, identification with some normative order, or self-esteem) is of interest to sociologists and social psychologists, regardless of their interest in gerontology. For this question is related generically to clarification of the relationship between activity and sentiments and * Revision of a paper presented to the Section on Old Age and Social Structure, American Sociological Association, Washington, D. C., 1962. The research on which this paper is based was supported in part by Grant M-900, National Institute of Health. The computations involved were carried out in the Duke University Computing Laboratory, which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation. 1 For example, Ruth S. Cavan, et al., Personal Adjustment in Old Age (Chicago: Science Research Associates, 1949), p. 50ff.; R. J. Havighurst, et al., Older People (New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1953), p. 285ff.; Bernard Kutner, Five Hundred Over Sixty (New York: Russell Sage Fotindation, 1956), p. 104ff.; Elaine Cumming and W. E. Henry, Growing Old (New York: Basic Books, 1961); Sheldon Tobin and Bernice Neugarten, "Life Satisfaction and Social Interaction," Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 16 (October 1961), pp. 344-346; and George Maddox and Carl Eisdorfer, "Some Correlates of Activity and Morale Among the Elderly," Social Forces, Vol. 26 (March 1962), pp. 254-260. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.21 on Tue, 27 Sep 2016 05:01:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms