Implementing systematic review techniques in chemical risk assessment: Challenges, opportunities and recommendations.
Implementing systematic review techniques in chemical risk assessment: Challenges, opportunities and recommendations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2015.11.002
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Taylor D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whaley P;Halsall C;Ågerstrand M;Aiassa E;Benford D;Bilotta G;Coggon D;Collins C;Dempsey C;Duarte-Davidson R;FitzGerald R;Galay-Burgos M;Gee D;Hoffmann S;Lam J;Lasserson T;Levy L;Lipworth S;Ross SM;Martin O;Meads C;Meyer-Baron M;Miller J;Pease C;Rooney A;Sapiets A;Stewart G;Taylor D
系统评价（SR）是一种严格的、协议驱动的方法，旨在在总结与特定科学问题相关的研究证据时最大限度地减少错误和偏见。以 SR 在医疗保健综合研究中的使用作为比较，我们认为 SR 方法还可以为欧洲和其他地方化学风险评估 (CRA) 的透明度、客观性和沟通的“阶跃变化”铺平道路。我们认为，当前围绕某些化学品安全性的争议部分是由于当前 CRA 程序的局限性，导致这些物质造成的健康风险模糊不清。我们概述了如何将 SR 方法应用于化学品风险评估，并指出如何克服将医疗保健研究中的 SR 方法适应 CRA 环境的挑战。关于后者，我们报告了一次研讨会的成果，该研讨会探讨了如何提高 SR 方法的采用，参加会议的专家来自化学毒理学、风险分析和 SR 等广泛领域。确定的优先事项包括： 开展以 CRA 为重点的原型 SR；制定毒理学和 CRA 领域 SR 报告和行为的公认标准；建立网络以促进 SR 方法的研究、交流和培训。我们认为这篇论文是创建研究氛围的里程碑，该氛围可以促进 CRA 和 SR 专家之间的沟通，并促进 CRA 更广泛地采用 SR 方法。
Systematic review (SR) is a rigorous, protocol-driven approach designed to minimise error and bias when summarising the body of research evidence relevant to a specific scientific question. Taking as a comparator the use of SR in synthesising research in healthcare, we argue that SR methods could also pave the way for a “step change” in the transparency, objectivity and communication of chemical risk assessments (CRA) in Europe and elsewhere. We suggest that current controversies around the safety of certain chemicals are partly due to limitations in current CRA procedures which have contributed to ambiguity about the health risks posed by these substances. We present an overview of how SR methods can be applied to the assessment of risks from chemicals, and indicate how challenges in adapting SR methods from healthcare research to the CRA context might be overcome. Regarding the latter, we report the outcomes from a workshop exploring how to increase uptake of SR methods, attended by experts representing a wide range of fields related to chemical toxicology, risk analysis and SR. Priorities which were identified include: the conduct of CRA-focused prototype SRs; the development of a recognised standard of reporting and conduct for SRs in toxicology and CRA; and establishing a network to facilitate research, communication and training in SR methods. We see this paper as a milestone in the creation of a research climate that fosters communication between experts in CRA and SR and facilitates wider uptake of SR methods into CRA.