Behavioral and neural discrimination of speech sounds after moderate or intense noise exposure in rats.
Behavioral and neural discrimination of speech sounds after moderate or intense noise exposure in rats.
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DOI：
10.1097/aud.0000000000000062
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发表时间：
2014-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kilgard MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reed AC;Centanni TM;Borland MS;Matney CJ;Engineer CT;Kilgard MP
听力损失是包括退伍军人和老年人在内的各种人群中常见的残疾，通常会导致理解口语的能力严重受损。在这项研究中，我们测试了这一假设，即神经和行为反应的语言将在动物模型中的两种形式的听力损失后的差异受损。将16只雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠暴露于两种类型的宽带噪声之一中，这两种类型的宽带噪声是中等强度的或强烈的。在这些大鼠中的9只中，在噪声暴露（NE）后4周进行听觉皮层记录。另外七个人在NE之前接受了语音辨别任务的预训练，然后在听力损失后进行了相同的任务测试。强NE后，大鼠对言语刺激几乎没有神经反应。这些老鼠能够检测到语音，但不再能够区分语音。在中度NE之后，大鼠重组了皮层地图并改变了对语音刺激的神经反应，但在行为测试期间仍然能够准确区分类似的语音。这些结果表明，大鼠能够适应中度NE后的神经变化和辨别语音，但不能恢复强烈NE后的行为能力。动物模型可以帮助澄清适应性和病理性神经变化，有助于听力受损人群的语音处理，并可用于测试潜在的行为和药理学治疗。
Hearing loss is a commonly experienced disability in a variety of populations including veterans and the elderly and can often cause significant impairment in the ability to understand spoken language. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that neural and behavioral responses to speech will be differentially impaired in an animal model after two forms of hearing loss. Sixteen female Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to one of two types of broadband noise which was either moderate or intense. In nine of these rats, auditory cortex recordings were taken 4 weeks after noise exposure (NE). The other seven were pretrained on a speech sound discrimination task prior to NE and were then tested on the same task after hearing loss. Following intense NE, rats had few neural responses to speech stimuli. These rats were able to detect speech sounds but were no longer able to discriminate between speech sounds. Following moderate NE, rats had reorganized cortical maps and altered neural responses to speech stimuli but were still able to accurately discriminate between similar speech sounds during behavioral testing. These results suggest that rats are able to adjust to the neural changes after moderate NE and discriminate speech sounds, but they are not able to recover behavioral abilities after intense NE. Animal models could help clarify the adaptive and pathological neural changes that contribute to speech processing in hearing-impaired populations and could be used to test potential behavioral and pharmacological therapies.