An Evolutionary Perspective on Yeast Mating-Type Switching.
An Evolutionary Perspective on Yeast Mating-Type Switching.
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.117.202036
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Wolfe KH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanson SJ;Wolfe KH
酵母物种中的细胞分化是由可逆的程序化DNA重排过程控制的，称为交配型转换。开关是通过两个功能相似，但结构不同的过程中的芽殖酵母酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母粟酒裂殖酵母。在这两个物种中，单倍体细胞具有交配型基因座的一个活性和两个沉默拷贝（三盒结构），活性基因座被切割，并使用合成依赖性链退火将其替换为编码相反交配型信息的沉默基因座的拷贝。每个物种都有自己的一套组件负责调节这些过程。在这篇综述中，我们总结了知识的功能和这些物种中的交配型开关组件的演变，包括异染色质形成的机制，MAT位点切割，供体的偏见，谱系跟踪，和环境调节开关。我们比较开关在这些研究充分的物种，如乳酸克鲁维酵母和甲基营养型酵母Ogataea polymorpha和Komagataella phaffii。我们专注于一些关键问题：哪些细胞转换交配类型？转换需要什么样的分子装置？它从哪里来的？转换的进化目的是什么？
Cell differentiation in yeast species is controlled by a reversible, programmed DNA-rearrangement process called mating-type switching. Switching is achieved by two functionally similar but structurally distinct processes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In both species, haploid cells possess one active and two silent copies of the mating-type locus (a three-cassette structure), the active locus is cleaved, and synthesis-dependent strand annealing is used to replace it with a copy of a silent locus encoding the opposite mating-type information. Each species has its own set of components responsible for regulating these processes. In this review, we summarize knowledge about the function and evolution of mating-type switching components in these species, including mechanisms of heterochromatin formation, MAT locus cleavage, donor bias, lineage tracking, and environmental regulation of switching. We compare switching in these well-studied species to others such as Kluyveromyces lactis and the methylotrophic yeasts Ogataea polymorpha and Komagataella phaffii. We focus on some key questions: Which cells switch mating type? What molecular apparatus is required for switching? Where did it come from? And what is the evolutionary purpose of switching?