Contextual dependencies in a stimulus equivalence paradigm
Contextual dependencies in a stimulus equivalence paradigm
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DOI：
10.1080/02724990143000180
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发表时间：
2002-04-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vossen, JMH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dibbets, P;Maes, JHR;Vossen, JMH
两项针对人类受试者的实验评估了刺激等价性范式中的情境依赖关系。受试者在与样本匹配的训练过程中学习形成两组刺激。每一组都是根据两种不同的背景颜色之一呈现的，这两种颜色是上下文线索。在测试中，在基线、对称性和等价性试验中测量了上下文变化的影响--即针对另一个上下文呈现每个集合。这三种试验类型反映了任务复杂性的不同。据预测，情境依赖效应的大小将与任务的复杂性呈正相关。在实验1中，背景变化是通过在保持背景颜色不变的情况下切换测试中的刺激集来实现的。在实验2中，刺激设置保持不变，背景颜色被切换。在这两个实验中，上下文的改变只导致等效性试验的反应潜伏期增加；对对称性和基线试验没有影响。研究结果在转换成本、对语境刺激的习惯化以及基于Shea和Wright(1995)的模型的框架下进行了讨论，该模型解释了语境转换对容易任务和困难任务的不同影响。
Two experiments with human subjects assessed contextual dependencies in a stimulus equivalence paradigm. Subjects learned to form two sets of stimuli in a matching-to-sample training procedure. Each set was presented against one of two different background colours, the contextual cues. At test, the influence of a context change-that is, presenting each set against the other context-was measured on baseline, symmetry, and equivalence trials. These three trial types reflect a difference in task complexity. It was predicted that the magnitude of context-dependent effects would be a positive function of task complexity. In Experiment 1, the context change was realized by switching the stimulus set at test while keeping the background colour constant. In Experiment 2, the stimulus set remained constant, and the background colour was switched. In both experiments, a change in context only resulted in an increase in response latency on equivalence trials; no effect was seen on symmetry and baseline trials. Results were discussed in the framework of switch costs, habituation to contextual stimuli, and a model based on Shea and Wright (1995) that explains the differential influence of a context switch on easy versus difficult tasks.