Exotic invasive plant accumulates native soil pathogens which inhibit native plants
Exotic invasive plant accumulates native soil pathogens which inhibit native plants
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01312.x
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Callaway, Ragan M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mangla, Seema;Inderjit;Callaway, Ragan M.
1.我们调查了一种本土的通用型土壤病原体的作用，通过这种作用，一种非本土的入侵植物物种可能会抑制归化/本土植物物种。我们发现，世界上最具破坏性的热带入侵杂草之一，飞机草的根际土壤积累了高浓度的土传真菌，镰刀菌（暂确定为F。半顶盖），从而为本地植物物种创造了负反馈。在印度西高止山脉的Chromolaena下收集的土壤抑制了归化/本地物种，并且含有超过25倍的病原真菌半盖镰孢菌孢子，比在邻近本地物种下的相同位置收集的土壤多，这些本地物种至少来自任何Chromolaena植物20。这些土壤的消毒消除了它们的抑制作用。在未受侵染的土壤中添加铬纹藻根浸提液，使镰刀菌孢子密度增加了一个数量级以上，提高了土壤的抑制效果.活性炭减弱了Chromolaena根浸提液对镰刀菌孢子的正效应，这可能是入侵者刺激病原菌的生化基础.合成.入侵植物已经被证明可以逃脱抑制土壤生物群在其原生范围和抑制土壤生物群在其入侵范围，但我们的研究结果表明，Chromolaena的影响是由于本地植物和原生土壤生物群之间的生物相互作用的加剧，这是我们所知道的一个新的入侵途径。
1. We investigated the role of a native generalist soil pathogen through which a non-native invasive plant species may suppress naturalized/native plant species.2. We found that rhizosphere soils of Chromolaena odorata, one of the world's most destructive tropical invasive weeds, accumulate high concentrations of the generalist soil borne fungi, Fusarium (tentatively identified as F. semitectum), thus creating a negative feedback for native plant species.3. Soils collected beneath Chromolaena in the Western Ghats of India inhibited naturalized/native species and contained over 25 times more spores of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium semitectum than soils collected at the same locations beneath neighbouring native species that were at least 20 in from any Chromolaena plant. Sterilization of these soils eliminated their inhibitory effect. Chromolaena root leachate experimentally added to uninvaded soils increased Fusarium spore density by over an order of magnitude, and increased the inhibitory effect of the soils.4. The positive effect of Chromolaena root leachates on Fusarium spores was attenuated by activated carbon, suggesting a biochemical basis for how the invader stimulated the pathogen.5. Synthesis. Invasive plants have been shown to escape inhibitory soil biota in their native range and to inhibit soil biota in their invaded range, but our results indicate that the impacts of Chromolaena are due to the exacerbation of biotic interactions among native plants and native soil biota, which is to our knowledge a new invasive pathway.