Colloquium: Phononics: Manipulating heat flow with electronic analogs and beyond
Colloquium: Phononics: Manipulating heat flow with electronic analogs and beyond
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.84.1045
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发表时间：
2012-07-17
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Li, Baowen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Nianbei;Ren, Jie;Li, Baowen
被称为热的这种能量形式通常源于晶格振动，即声子，通常被视为废能，而且对信息处理有害。然而，在本次学术讨论会上，有人试图反驳这一普遍观点：通过使用定制的模型，证明了声子可以像电子和光子一样被操控，从而实现可控的热传输。此外，还解释了声子可被有益地用于携带和处理信息。在第一部分，介绍了在由温度偏差驱动的物理系统中控制热传输和处理信息的方法。特别是，提出了一套用于声子学的常见电子类似物工具包，即描述了用作热二极管、热晶体管、热逻辑门和热存储器的声子器件。然后，通过设计允许功能性声子器件运行的混合纳米结构的实用设计，将这些概念应用于在物理上现实的纳米系统中传输、控制和整流热量；还报道了首次实验实现。接下来，讨论了通过使用随时间变化的热浴温度或各种其他外部场来操控热流的更丰富的可能性。这些产生了许多有趣的声子非平衡现象，例如，热量的定向穿梭、几何相位诱导的热泵浦或声子霍尔效应，所有这些都可能以电子类似物的形式投入应用。
The form of energy termed heat that typically derives from lattice vibrations, i.e., phonons, is usually considered as waste energy and, moreover, deleterious to information processing. However, in this Colloquium, an attempt is made to rebut this common view: By use of tailored models it is demonstrated that phonons can be manipulated similarly to electrons and photons, thus enabling controlled heat transport. Moreover, it is explained that phonons can be put to beneficial use to carry and process information. In the first part ways are presented to control heat transport and to process information for physical systems which are driven by a temperature bias. In particular, a toolkit of familiar electronic analogs for use of phononics is put forward, i.e., phononic devices are described which act as thermal diodes, thermal transistors, thermal logic gates, and thermal memories. These concepts are then put to work to transport, control, and rectify heat in physically realistic nanosystems by devising practical designs of hybrid nanostructures that permit the operation of functional phononic devices; the first experimental realizations are also reported. Next, richer possibilities to manipulate heat flow by use of time-varying thermal bath temperatures or various other external fields are discussed. These give rise to many intriguing phononic nonequilibrium phenomena such as, for example, the directed shuttling of heat, geometrical phase-induced heat pumping, or the phonon Hall effect, which may all find their way into operation with electronic analogs.