Mass budget of perfluorooctane surfactant in Lake Ontario
Mass budget of perfluorooctane surfactant in Lake Ontario
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DOI：
10.1021/es049044o
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Hornbuckle, KC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boulanger, B;Peck, AM;Hornbuckle, KC
据报道，世界各地的生物群、水和空气样本中都含有全氟辛烷表面活性剂。尽管有这些报道，这些化合物的主要环境来源仍未确定。为了解决这方面的知识差距，为安大略湖制定了一项全湖范围的八种全氟辛烷表面活性剂年度大规模预算。为了确定大气对质量预算的贡献，首次报告了任何空气样品中N-EtFOSE和N-EtFOSA的湖上气相空气浓度以及PFOS的颗粒相空气浓度，其平均浓度为0.5 +/- 0.32 （N-EtFOSE气相），1.1 +/- 0.9 （N-EtFOSA气相）和6.4 +/- 3.3 （PFOS颗粒相）pg/m(3)。大规模预算发现，伊利湖的流入（14 361 +/- 4489公斤sigmaper氟辛烷表面活性剂）和废水排放（1762 +/- 2697公斤sigmaper氟辛烷表面活性剂）是主要来源，而圣劳伦斯河的流出是主要损失机制（22 727 +/- 7060公斤/年sigmaper氟辛烷表面活性剂）。使用大量预算数据，在95%的置信水平上，湖水的稳定状态和测量的平均浓度是相同的。
Perfluorooctane surfactants have been reported in biota, water,and air samples worldwide. Despite these reports, the main environmental sources of these compounds remain undefined. To address this gap in knowledge, an annual lake-wide mass budget of eight perfluorooctane surfactants was developed for Lake Ontario. To determine the atmospheric contribution to the mass budget, over-the-lake gas-phase air concentrations for N-EtFOSE and N-EtFOSA and particulate-phase air concentrations for PFOS in any air sample are reported for the first time, with mean concentrations when present of 0.5 +/- 0.32 (N-EtFOSE gas-phase), 1.1 +/- 0.9 (N-EtFOSA gas-phase), and 6.4 +/- 3.3 (PFOS particulate-phase) pg/m(3). The mass budget finds inflow from Lake Erie (14 361 +/- 4489 kg Sigmaperfluorooctane surfactants) and wastewater discharge (1762 +/- 2697 kg Sigmaperfluorooctane surfactants)to be the major sources, while outflow through the St. Lawrence River is the dominant loss mechanism (22 727 +/- 7060 kg/year Sigmaperfluorooctane surfactants). Using the mass budget data, the steady state and measured mean concentrations in the lake water are the same at the 95% confidence level.