Seed Dispersal Effectiveness by Two Bulbuls on Maesa lanceolata, an African Montane Forest Tree
Seed Dispersal Effectiveness by Two Bulbuls on Maesa lanceolata, an African Montane Forest Tree
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两只球茎在非洲山地林树 Maesa lanceolata 上的种子传播效率
DOI：
10.2307/2388961
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
J. Mvukiyumwami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Graham;T. Moermond;K. Kristensen;J. Mvukiyumwami
研究了两种常见的林下鸟类，宽喙Andropaduslatirostris和A。tephrolaemus（Pycnonotidae），一种热带先锋森林树木，Maesa lanceolata（Myrsinaceae）的分散种子。从种子传播的数量和质量两个方面对各物种的相对传播效率进行了评估。分散的种子的数量进行了检查，通过量化的树访问频率，在树上的持续时间和摄入的果实的数量，和概率的鸟将存款种子的父树下。种子传播的质量进行了检查，排便频率，通过一个队列的20个水果的摄入后的时间排便的种子数量，种子活力后通过肠道，和一般的饮食分析。Andropadus tephrolaemus和A.宽吻类是M.分别占所有动物访问树的49.1%和17.3%。平均（和标准差）在树上的停留时间为2.82？1.65 min为A.灰毛豆和3.14？1.70 min为A.宽吻的这两个物种的个体每次访问估计吃23至25个水果（3-20个种子/水果）。平均最小种子传代时间为17.8？1.93 min为A. tephrolaemus和12.9？0.80 min为A.宽吻的种子在通过鸟的肠道后是有活力的。大多数种子在含有种子的第一次排便后20分钟内通过肠道，几乎所有种子在摄入后80分钟内通过肠道。A的平均排便间隔时间为2.6 min。tephrolaemus和A.宽吻的返回树的频率加上树停留时间短和排便率表明，这两个物种不太可能将超过5%或10%的种子排泄到母树下。这两个物种始终分散大部分种子远离母树; A。然而，由于其较高的访问率，灰蝶可能是树的一个更重要的传播者。
We examined the effectiveness with which two common understory birds, Andropadus latirostris and A. tephrolaemus (Pycnonotidae), dispersed seeds of a tropical pioneer forest tree, Maesa lanceolata (Myrsinaceae). Relative dispersal effectiveness of each species was assessed in terms of quantity and quality of seed dispersal. The number of seeds dispersed was examined by quantifying the tree visitation frequency, duration of time in the tree and number of fruits ingested, and probability that the bird would deposit seeds under the parent tree. The quality of seed dispersal was examined using defecation frequency, number of seeds defecated through time following ingestion of a cohort of 20 fruits, seed viability after passage through the gut, and general diet analysis. Andropadus tephrolaemus and A. latirostris were the most common visitors to M. lanceolata and accounted for 49.1 percent and 17.3 percent of all animal visits to the tree, respectively. The mean (and standard deviation) residence times in the tree were 2.82 ? 1.65 min for A. tephrolaemus and 3.14 ? 1.70 min for A. latirostris. Individuals of both species ate estimated 23 to 25 fruits per visit (3-20 seeds/fruit). Mean minimum seed passage times were 17.8 ? 1.93 min for A. tephrolaemus and 12.9 ? 0.80 min for A. latirostris. Seeds were viable after passing through the birds' gut. The majority of seeds passed through the gut within 20 min of the first defecation that contained seeds, and nearly all seeds passed within 80 min of ingestion. Mean time between defecations was 2.6 min for A. tephrolaemus and 2.2 min for A. latirostris. Frequency of return to the tree combined with the short tree residence times and defecation rates suggest that both species are unlikely to defecate more than 5 percent or 10 percent of seeds under the parent tree. Both species consistently dispersed most seeds away from the parent tree; A. tephrolaemus may be a more important disperser for the tree, however, because of its higher visitation rate.