Rapid deformation of Kilauea Volcano: Global Positioning System measurements between 1990 and 1996
Rapid deformation of Kilauea Volcano: Global Positioning System measurements between 1990 and 1996
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基拉韦厄火山的快速变形：1990 年至 1996 年间全球定位系统的测量结果
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Sako
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Susan Owen;P. Segall;M. Lisowski;A. Miklius;R. Denlinger;M. Sako
从1990年到1996年的全球定位系统（GPS）测量数据被用来计算夏威夷基拉韦厄火山的地表位移率。GPS数据显示，在过去30年里曾发生过几次大地震的这座火山的南侧，正在以每平方公里的速度发生位移。东南偏南，每年8厘米。峰顶带和裂谷带均在沉降，最大沉降速率为；在峰顶破火山口以南几公里处观测到8cm /年的速度。GPS数据的弹性位错模拟表明，形变的活源包括沿上东部和东部裂谷带的深裂谷开口、靠近火山底部的次水平断层的断层滑动和靠近山顶破火山口的收缩。采用非线性优化算法探索参数空间，寻找最适合的源几何形状。有很多种模型几何形状可以很好地拟合数据。然而，某些模型可以被排除，包括那些有浅裂谷张开或浅断层滑动的模型。需要在西北偏北258度和东南偏南88度之间的断裂带上进行一些海上地震。最合适的滑动和裂谷打开速率为23-28 cm/年，尽管数据允许的速率低至10 cm/年。
Campaign Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements from 1990 to 1996 are used to calculate surface displacement rates on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. The GPS data show that the south flank of the volcano, which has generated several large earthquakes in the past 3 decades, is displacing at up to ;8 cm/yr to the south-southeast. The summit and rift zones are subsiding, with maximum subsidence rates of ;8 cm/yr observed a few kilometers south of the summit caldera. Elastic dislocation modeling of the GPS data suggests that the active sources of deformation include deep rift opening along the upper east and east rift zone, fault slip along a subhorizontal fault near the base of the volcano, and deflation near the summit caldera. A nonlinear optimization algorithm was used to explore the parameter space and to find the best fitting source geometry. There is a broad range of model geometries that fit the data reasonably well. However, certain models can be ruled out, including those that have shallow rift opening or shallow fault slip. Some offshore, aseismic slip on a fault plane that dips between 258 north- northwest and 88 south-southeast is required. Best fitting slip and rift opening rates are 23-28 cm/yr, although rates as low as 10 cm/yr are permitted by the data.