Key Future Directions For Research On Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.2110/jsr.2015.03

发表时间：

2015-02

期刊：

Journal of Sedimentary Research

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

地球科学3区

文献类型：

作者：

P. Talling;Joshua R. Allin;D. Armitage;R. Arnott;M. Cartigny;M. Clare;F. Felletti;J. Covault;S. Girardclos;E. Hansen;P. Hill;R. Hiscott;A. Hogg;J. Clarke;Z. Jobe;G. Malgesini;Alessandro Mozzato;H. Naruse;Samuel D. Parkinson;F. Peel;D. Piper;E. Pope;G. Postma;P. Rowley;Andrea Sguazzini;C. Stevenson;E. Sumner;Z. Sylvester;C. Watts;Jingping Xu

浊流和其他类型的海底沉积物密度流比任何其他沉积物流动过程在地球表面重新分配更多的沉积物，但它们的沉积物浓度从未在深海中直接测量过。这些水流的沉积物具有社会重要性，是过去地震和海啸滑坡的不完美记录，也是许多深水石油聚集的储层岩石。 2013 年 9 月的一次非正式研讨会确定了有关这些流量及其沉积物的未来主要研究方向。本文总结了该研讨会的结论，并让更广泛的社区参与了这场辩论。需要国际社会共同努力，监测和了解一系列频繁发生人员流动的试验场，并需要协调以优化设备共享和数据解释。直接监测观测应与岩心和地震数据相结合，以将流动和沉积特征联系起来，而实验和数值模型在理解现场观测方面发挥着关键作用。由于监测传感器、系泊装置和自主数据恢复方面的最新技术进步，这样的举措可能是及时且可行的。最近从斯阔米什河三角洲、蒙特利峡谷、刚果峡谷和台湾东南部近海收集的数据说明了这一点。然后突出了一系列其他关键主题。理论上的考虑表明，超临界流动可能经常发生在大于 0.6u 的梯度上。最近在广泛的海洋和淡水环境中绘制了一系列上坡迁移的床型。它们可能是由超临界流中重复的水力跳跃引起的，并且可能需要调用密集（大于约 10% 体积）的近床层来解释重块（25 至 1,000 千克）的输运。未来的工作需要了解沉积物如何在这些地床形态中输送、沉积物的内部结构和保存潜力以及它们在相预测中的用途。湍流阻尼在海底沉积物密度流中可能广泛且常见，特别是当水流减速时，因为它可以在低体积浓度（ , 0.1%）下发生。这可能对流动演化和沉积物几何形状产生重要影响。需要对控制流量和能力的因素进行更好的定量约束，同时改进对河床侵蚀和沉积物再悬浮的约束。对海底通道中稀流或主要盐水流的了解的最新进展应该扩展到探索随着沉积物浓度增加，流动行为如何变化。石油工业需要长期河道系统行为和由此产生的矿床结构的预测模型，为此目的，区分地貌表面和地层表面非常重要

Turbidity currents, and other types of submarine sediment densityflow, redistribute more sediment acrossthe surface of the Earth than any other sediment flow process, yet their sediment concentration has never been measured directly in the deep ocean. The depositsof these flows are of societal importance asimperfect records of past earthquakes and tsunamogenic landslides and as the reservoir rocks for many deep-water petroleum accumulations. Key future research directions on these flows and their deposits were identified at an informal workshop in September 2013. This contribution summarizes conclusions from that workshop, and engages the wider community in this debate. International efforts are needed for an initiative to monitor and understand a series of test sites where flows occur frequently, which needs coordination to optimize sharing of equipment and interpretation of data. Direct monitoring observations should be combined with cores and seismic data to link flow and deposit character, whilst experimental and numerical models play a key role in understandingfield observations. Such an initiative may be timely and feasible, due to recent technological advances in monitoring sensors, moorings, and autonomous data recovery. This is illustrated here by recently collected data from the Squamish River delta, Monterey Canyon, Congo Canyon, and offshore SE Taiwan. A series of other key topics are then highlighted. Theoretical considerations suggest that supercritical flows may often occur on gradients of greater than , 0.6u. Trains of up-slope-migrating bedforms have recently been mapped in a wide range of marine and freshwater settings. They may result from repeated hydraulic jumps in supercritical flows, and dense (greater than approximately 10% volume) near-bed layers may need to be invoked to explain transport of heavy (25 to 1,000 kg) blocks. Future work needs to understand how sediment is transported in these bedforms, the internal structure and preservation potential of their deposits, and their use in facies prediction. Turbulence damping may be widespread and commonplace in submarine sediment density flows, particularly as flows decelerate, because it can occur at low ( , 0.1%) volume concentrations. This could have important implications for flow evolution and deposit geometries. Better quantitative constraints are needed on what controls flow capacity and competence, together with improved constraints on bed erosion and sediment resuspension. Recent advances in understanding dilute or mainly saline flows in submarine channels should be extended to explore how flow behavior changes as sediment concentrations increase. The petroleum industry requires predictive models of longer-term channel system behavior and resulting deposit architecture, and for these purposes it is important to distinguish between geomorphic and stratigraphic surfaces

Key Future Directions For Research On Turbidity Currents and Their Deposits

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