Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and the major influencing factors: a case study in and around Hua County, China
Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and the major influencing factors: a case study in and around Hua County, China
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饮用灌溉地下水水质水化学评价及主要影响因素——以滑县及周边地区为例
DOI：
10.1007/s12517-015-2059-1
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Qian, Hui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Peiyue;Wu, Jianhua;Qian, Hui
地下水是中国华县及其周边地区饮用水和灌溉用水的主要来源。然而，该地区上游的长期工业废水对地下水造成了污染。为了给当地决策者提供一个清晰和更好的了解地下水污染的现状和程度，在这项研究中，使用钠吸附比（SAR），残余碳酸钠（RSC），可溶性钠百分比（%Na），渗透性指数（PI），熵加权水质指数（EWQI），以及一些图形方法，如Wilcox和美国盐度实验室（USSL）图。对影响地下水水化学和水质的因素进行了详细的讨论。最后，提出了研究区地下水保护与管理的对策建议。结果表明，滑县及周边地区浅层地下水以微碱性淡水为主，以HCO 3-Ca和HCO 3·SO 4-Ca·Mg混合型为主。研究区饮用水水质以中质水为主，地下水中主要污染物为总溶解固体（TDS）、总硬度（TH）、SO 42-、Cl-、NO3-、NO2-和石油类。就钠危害而言，研究区地下水适合农业灌溉，但建议在灌溉前将低盐度和高盐度水混合，以降低局部地区的盐分危害。母岩风化、阳离子交换和地下水蒸发等自然过程是影响研究区地下水化学的主导因素。然而，河水渗漏和人类干扰在改变天然地下水化学方面变得越来越重要。在这项研究中提出的建议可能有助于防止进一步的地下水污染的研究区域，这里报告的结果和建议也将是有用的，许多其他地区面临类似的问题。
Groundwater is the major source of water for drinking and irrigation purposes in and around Hua County, China. However, long-term industrial effluents in the upstream of the area have produced contamination to groundwater. To provide a clear and better understanding of the status and extent of groundwater pollution to local decision makers, groundwater quality was assessed for drinking and irrigation purposes in this study using sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), soluble sodium percentage (%Na), permeability index (PI), an entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI), and some graphical approaches such as Wilcox and US Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagrams. Factors that have significant influences on the hydrochemistry and quality of groundwater were also discussed in detail. Finally, some measures for the protection and management of groundwater in the study area were provided to local decision makers. The results show that shallow groundwater in and around the Hua County is mainly slightly alkaline freshwater with the majority of the samples falling in the category of HCO3–Ca and mixed HCO3·SO4–Ca·Mg. Medium quality water is prevalent in the study area for drinking purpose, and the main contaminants in groundwater are total dissolved solid (TDS), total hardness (TH), SO42−, Cl−, NO3−, NO2−, and oil. Groundwater in the study area is suitable for agricultural irrigation with regard to sodium hazard, but mixing of low and high salinity water is recommended before irrigation to reduce the salinity hazard in local areas. Natural processes such as weathering of parent rocks, cation exchange, and groundwater evaporation are the dominant factors influencing groundwater chemistry in the study area. However, river water leakage and human interference are becoming increasingly important in altering natural groundwater chemistry. The recommendations suggest in this study may help to prevent further groundwater pollution in the study area, and the results and recommendations reported here will also be useful for many other regions facing similar problems.