Genomic evidence for two phylogenetic species and long-term population bottlenecks in red pandas
Genomic evidence for two phylogenetic species and long-term population bottlenecks in red pandas
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.aax5751
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Wei, Fuwen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Yibo;Thapa, Arjun;Wei, Fuwen
摘要小熊猫（Ailurus fulgens）是喜马拉雅山特有的濒危哺乳动物，基于形态和生物地理上的差异，将其分为喜马拉雅小熊猫（A. fulgens）和中国小熊猫（Ailurus styani）两个亚种甚至两个种。然而，由于缺乏遗传证据，这种分类仍然存在争议，直接影响了科学的保护管理。来自65个全基因组、49个γ染色体和49个线粒体基因组的数据首次为小熊猫物种差异提供了全面的遗传证据，证明了所有三种标记的物种间遗传差异，并纠正了物种分布界限。结合形态学证据，这些数据明确定义了小熊猫的两个系统发育物种。我们还发现了两个物种的不同人口统计轨迹：随着时间的推移，styani经历了两次种群瓶颈和一次大规模的种群扩张，而fulgens经历了三次瓶颈和一次非常小的种群扩张，导致遗传多样性非常低，连锁不平衡程度很高，遗传负荷很高。
The red panda (Ailurus fulgens), an endangered Himalaya-endemic mammal, has been classified as two subspecies or even two species - the Himalayan red panda (A. fulgens) and the Chinese red panda (Ailurus styani) - based on differences in morphology and biogeography. However, this classification has remained controversial largely due to lack of genetic evidence, directly impairing scientific conservation management. Data from 65 whole genomes, 49 gamma-chromosomes, and 49 mitochondrial genomes provide the first comprehensive genetic evidence for species divergence in red pandas, demonstrating substantial inter-species genetic divergence for all three markers and correcting species-distribution boundaries. Combined with morphological evidence, these data thus clearly define two phylogenetic species in red pandas. We also demonstrate different demographic trajectories in the two species: A. styani has experienced two population bottlenecks and one large population expansion over time, whereas A. fulgens has experienced three bottlenecks and one very small expansion, resulting in very low genetic diversity, high linkage disequilibrium, and high genetic load.