The Effects of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals on the Educational Outcomes of Undocumented Students
The Effects of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals on the Educational Outcomes of Undocumented Students
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-018-0691-6
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Ortega, Francesc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hsin, Amy;Ortega, Francesc
童年抵美者暂缓遣返（DACA）是数十年来第一个影响美国无证移民的大规模移民政策，为符合条件的无证青年提供免于驱逐出境的临时救济以及可续期的工作许可。虽然DACA改善了无证移民的经济状况和心理健康，但我们不知道DACA如何通过其对教育程度的影响来改善无证移民的社会流动性。我们使用学生参加一个大型公立大学的行政数据来估计DACA对无证学生的教育成果的影响。这些数据是独一无二的，因为它们准确地识别了学生的法律的地位，考虑了个体的异质性，并允许对就读社区大学和四年制大学的学生进行单独分析。差异中的差异估计结果表明，作为一个临时工作许可计划，DACA激励工作超过教育投资，但DACA对教育投资的影响取决于大学如何轻松容纳在职学生。在四年制大学，DACA诱使无证学生在全日制学校和辍学工作之间做出二元选择。在社区学院，无证学生可以灵活地减少课程作业，以适应增加的工作时间。总体而言，结果表明，DACA的不稳定性和临时性为教育投资创造了障碍。
Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is the first large-scale immigration policy to affect undocumented immigrants in the United States in decades and offers eligible undocumented youth temporary relief from deportation as well as renewable work permits. Although DACA has improved the economic conditions and mental health of undocumented immigrants, we do not know how DACA improves the social mobility of undocumented immigrants through its effect on educational attainment. We use administrative data on students attending a large public university to estimate the effect of DACA on undocumented students' educational outcomes. The data are unique because they accurately identify students' legal status, account for individual heterogeneity, and allow separate analysis of students attending community colleges versus four-year colleges. Results from difference-in-difference estimates demonstrate that as a temporary work permit program, DACA incentivizes work over educational investments but that the effect of DACA on educational investments depends on how easily colleges accommodate working students. At four-year colleges, DACA induces undocumented students to make binary choices between attending school full-time and dropping out of school to work. At community colleges, undocumented students have the flexibility to reduce course work to accommodate increased work hours. Overall, the results suggest that the precarious and temporary nature of DACA creates barriers to educational investments.