Instrumental Problem-Solving Abilities in Three Lemur Species (Microcebus murinus, Varecia variegata, and Lemur catta)
Instrumental Problem-Solving Abilities in Three Lemur Species (Microcebus murinus, Varecia variegata, and Lemur catta)
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三种狐猴物种（Microcebus murinus、Varecia variegata 和 Lemur catta）的工具解决问题能力
DOI：
10.1037/com0000113
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发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Claudia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kittler;Kappeler;Peter M;Fichtel;Claudia
众所周知，猿类和一些新旧世界的猴子（即哈普罗辛灵长类动物）经常使用工具。在链球菌灵长类动物（即狐猴和懒猴）中，没有关于使用工具的报道，尽管它们似乎对使用拉动工具所需的空间关系有一些基本的了解。为了便于直接比较汉普莱灵长类动物和链球菌灵长类动物之间的潜在能力，我们使用之前对汉普莱灵长类动物进行实验的方法，通过实验检查了三种圈养狐猴物种（Microcebus murinus、Varecia variegata 和 Lemur catta）的工具解决问题的能力。首先，狐猴应该使用棍子来获得难以获得的食物奖励。只有一只环尾狐猴在第一次尝试时就自发地解决了这项任务。经过反复献棒，三个物种的13个人都成功解决了这个问题。其次，狐猴必须在一对可触及且其上或附近有食物奖励的物体之间进行选择，其中一个物体无法拉动食物。环尾狐猴和灰鼠狐猴通常会选择正确的（连接的）物体，因此表现与哈普罗灵长类动物相当，颈狐猴的表现甚至与黑猩猩不相上下。因此，尽管链球菌灵长类动物可能缺乏使用棍子作为触及工具的精细运动技能，但它们在解决手段-最终问题上的表现与自然使用工具的单螺旋灵长类动物相当。我们的研究结果表明，灵长类动物对两个物体之间的空间关系的判断（在不同物种之间似乎大致相同）和出于工具目的处理棍子的能力之间存在分离，这有利于手动灵活性增强的物种。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2018 APA，保留所有权利）
Apes and some New and Old World monkeys (ie, haplorhine primates) are known to routinely use tools. In strepsirrhine primates (ie, lemurs and lorises), no tool use has been reported, even though they appear to have some basic understanding of the spatial relations required for using a pulling tool. To facilitate direct comparisons of the underlying abilities between haplorhine and strepsirrhine primate species, we experimentally examined instrumental problem-solving abilities in three captive lemur species (Microcebus murinus, Varecia variegata, and Lemur catta), using methods from previous experiments with haplorhine primates. First, lemurs were supposed to use a stick to gain access to an inaccessible food reward. Only one ring-tailed lemur solved this task spontaneously on the first attempt. After offering the stick repeatedly, 13 individuals of all three species solved it successfully. Second, lemurs had to choose between pairs of reachable objects with a food reward on or near them, where one object did not afford pulling in the food. Ring-tailed and gray mouse lemurs generally selected the correct (connected) object, thus performing comparably with haplorhine primates, and ruffed lemurs even matched chimpanzees in their performance. Thus, although strepsirrhine primates may lack the fine motor skills to use a stick as a reaching tool, they performed comparable with naturally tool-using haplorhine primates on means-end problems. Our findings suggest a dissociation in primates between the judgment of spatial relations between two objects, which appears to be roughly equivalent across species, and facility at handling sticks for instrumental purposes, which favors species with enhanced manual dexterity.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)