Oxide Evolution During the Solidification of 316L Stainless Steel from Additive Manufacturing Powders with Different Oxygen Contents
Oxide Evolution During the Solidification of 316L Stainless Steel from Additive Manufacturing Powders with Different Oxygen Contents
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DOI：
10.1007/s11663-021-02191-w
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xinliang Yang;F. Tang;Xinjiang Hao;Zushu Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xinliang Yang;F. Tang;Xinjiang Hao;Zushu Li
通过原位观察粉末材料的熔化和凝固过程、先进的凝固材料表征和非平衡热力学分析，研究了不同氧含量的增材制造粉末在316 L不锈钢凝固过程中氧化物的演变。建立了不同氧含量的316L粉末的氧化物演化图。它揭示了再利用粉末的表面氧化和其预期的氧化物物种和凝固成分的形态之间的关系。对于氧含量高于~ 0.039%的316L粉末，液态氧化物首先从钢熔体形成，然后在凝固过程中结晶成某些氧化物相，而对于氧含量较低的粉末，氧化物相建议直接从钢熔体形成。通过Scheil-Gulliver冷却计算预测了凝固样品中的氧化物物种，并通过TEM相鉴定进行了验证。低氧316L合金（0.0355%O）熔体中形成的氧化物为（Mn，Cr）Cr2 O 4尖晶石和SiO2氧化物。在高氧（0.4814%O）316L熔体凝固过程中，最终形成的氧化物为（Mn，Cr）Cr2 O 4尖晶石、SiO2氧化物和Cr2 O3尖晶石。作为粉末材料的一个重要特性，粉末表面氧化产生的氧含量对粉末熔化过程中夹杂物的演变有重要影响。
The oxide evolution during the solidification of 316L stainless steel from additive manufacturing powders with different oxygen contents is studied byin situobservation of the melting and solidification of the powder materials, advanced characterization of the solidified materials, and non-equilibrium thermodynamic analysis. An oxide evolution map is established for the 316L powders with different oxygen contents. It reveals the relationship between the surface oxidation in the reused powder and its expected oxide species and morphology in the as-solidified component. For the 316L powder with oxygen content higher than ~ 0.039 pct, the liquid oxide formed first from the steel melt and then crystallized to certain oxide phases during solidification, while for the powder with lower oxygen, oxide phases are suggested to directly form from the steel melt. The oxide species in the as-solidified sample was predicted by the Scheil–Gulliver cooling calculation and verified by the TEM-based phase identification. The oxides formed in the melt of low O 316L alloy (0.0355 pct O) are predicted to be (Mn, Cr)Cr2O4spinel and SiO2oxide. In the high O (0.4814 pct O) 316L melt solidification, the final oxides formed are (Mn, Cr)Cr2O4spinel, SiO2oxide, and Cr2O3corundum. As an important characteristic of powder materials, the oxygen pick-up due to the powder surface oxidation significantly influences the inclusion evolution in the powder fusion process.