Vesicular and Plasma Membrane Transporters for Neurotransmitters
Vesicular and Plasma Membrane Transporters for Neurotransmitters
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a005595
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Edwards, Robert H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blakely, Randy D.;Edwards, Robert H.
在突触处介导化学信号的受调节的胞吐作用需要机制来协调对刺激的即时反应与持续释放所需的再循环。两种一般类型的转运蛋白有助于释放，一种位于突触囊泡上，使其装载递质，第二种位于质膜上，既终止信号传导，又用于回收递质用于随后的释放。这些转运系统最初被确定为精神活性药物的靶点，在递质释放中发挥重要作用，但我们才刚刚开始了解它们对突触传递、可塑性、行为和疾病的贡献。最近的工作已开始为这些组织的活动提供结构基础，以确定其贩运特点和监管潜力。结果表明，远离精神活性药物的被动目标，神经递质转运蛋白进行调节，有助于突触可塑性。
The regulated exocytosis that mediates chemical signaling at synapses requires mechanisms to coordinate the immediate response to stimulation with the recycling needed to sustain release. Two general classes of transporter contribute to release, one located on synaptic vesicles that loads them with transmitter, and a second at the plasma membrane that both terminates signaling and serves to recycle transmitter for subsequent rounds of release. Originally identified as the target of psychoactive drugs, these transport systems have important roles in transmitter release, but we are only beginning to understand their contribution to synaptic transmission, plasticity, behavior, and disease. Recent work has started to provide a structural basis for their activity, to characterize their trafficking and potential for regulation. The results indicate that far from the passive target of psychoactive drugs, neurotransmitter transporters undergo regulation that contributes to synaptic plasticity.