Why are firms that export cleaner? International trade, abatement and environmental emissions
Why are firms that export cleaner? International trade, abatement and environmental emissions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jeem.2018.07.006
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ulltveit-Moe, Karen Helene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forslid, Rikard;Okubo, Toshihiro;Ulltveit-Moe, Karen Helene
本文提出了一个详细机制，解释为何在排放征收环境税时出口企业的排放强度可能较低。我们模型的这种机制得到了瑞典公司级数据的支持。我们的机制贯穿于企业的内生减排投资。企业的减排投资取决于其产量，因为规模越大，它们可以将减排投资的固定成本分摊到更多单位。产量增加会提高企业生产率，因此企业的排放强度与企业生产率呈负相关。出口还可以提高产量，从而降低排放强度。因此，贸易对排放的影响与企业生产率无关。因此，贸易可以带来更高但更清洁的生产。在我们的模型中，贸易对排放的总体影响是中性的。在对称国家的基准案例中，贸易自由化不会影响总排放量。 (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
This paper proposes a detailed mechanism for why exporting firms may have a lower emission intensity when emissions are subject to an environmental tax. This mechanism of our model is supported by Swedish firm-level data. Our mechanism runs through firms' endogenous investments in abatement. Firms' abatement investments depend on their production volumes, since a larger scale allows them to spread the fixed costs of abatement investment across more units. Production volumes increase in firm productivity and, as a consequence, firms' emission intensity is negatively related to firm productivity. Exporting also leads to higher production volumes and thereby to a lower emission intensity. Thus, trade has an effect on emissions independently of firm productivity. Trade therefore leads to higher but cleaner production. The overall effect of trade on emissions is neutral in our model. Trade liberalization does not affect aggregate emissions in our benchmark case of symmetric countries. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.