Red Mediterranean Soils in Jordan: New insights in their origin, genesis, and role as environmental archives
Red Mediterranean Soils in Jordan: New insights in their origin, genesis, and role as environmental archives
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DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2013.04.006
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lucke, Bernhard;Kemnitz, Helga;Schmidt, Michael
玫瑰地主要是由基岩残留物形成的，还是由气溶胶等外来物质形成的，或者是由等体积替代形成的，这是有争议的。此外，它们主要是残留土壤还是仍在形成的土壤还存在争议。通过比较几种石灰岩和玄武岩基地中海红色土壤与约旦砂岩和石灰岩岩石层的地球化学，解决了这些问题。所有试验点的基岩残留物都包括在内。历史遗迹的石灰岩风化层上的古土壤和初始土壤提供了对土壤发育可能时间框架的见解。与基岩相比，土壤中元素的减少主要体现在碳质中CaO、砂质中SiO2、玄武岩中Fe2O3和MgO。然而，所有terra Rossae的特征是SiO2、Al2O3、TiO2、Fe2O3、K2O和一系列主要金属微量元素的显著增加，这些元素不能从基岩中获得。以粘土矿物为主要载体，石英为主要载体的矿物风成转移是合理的解释。这种投入可能起源于埃及和苏丹，并在很长一段时间内基本保持不变。全新世以来的日益干旱明显增加了粉砂的比例，而粘土沉积和土壤发育却减少了。在一些地点，交代过程促进了土壤的发育，并可能有助于解释某些剖面的深度。然而，全新世红色土壤的形成似乎非常有限，红色地中海土壤可能代表了古景观的遗迹。(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
It is disputed whether Terrae Rossae form mainly out of the bedrock residue, from allochthonous material like aerosols, or by isovolumetric replacement. Furthermore, whether they are mainly relic soils or are still forming is subject to debate. These questions were addressed by comparing the geochemistry of several limestone and basalt based Red Mediterranean Soils with Lithosols on sandstone and limestone in Jordan. The bedrock residue was included at all test sites. Paleosols and initial soils on the limestone Regolith of historic ruins delivered insights into the possible time frame of soil development. A major reduction of elements in the soils compared to bedrock could be observed for CaO in carbonaceous, SiO2 in arenaceous, and Fe2O3 and MgO in basaltic rocks. All Terrae Rossae, however, are characterised by a significant increase of SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, and a range of mainly metallic minor elements that cannot be derived from the bedrock. A reasonable explanation could be input via aeolian transfer of minerals, with clay minerals as the major carrier plus quartz. This input probably originates in Egypt and Sudan and has remained largely unchanged over long periods. Growing aridity during the Holocene has apparently increased the share of silt while clay deposition and soil development has been reduced. At some sites, metasomatic processes have contributed to soil development and might help to explain the depth of some profiles. However, formation of red soils during the Holocene seems very limited, and the Red Mediterranean Soils may represent remains of a paleolandscape. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.