The Effect of Electronic Cigarette User Modifications and E-liquid Adulteration on the Particle Size Profile of an Aerosolized Product
The Effect of Electronic Cigarette User Modifications and E-liquid Adulteration on the Particle Size Profile of an Aerosolized Product
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-46387-2
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发表时间：
2019-07-15
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Peace, Michelle R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mulder, Haley A.;Patterson, Jesse L.;Peace, Michelle R.
电子烟（e-香烟）是一种替代尼古丁输送系统，可产生供用户吸入的冷凝气雾剂。气雾剂中形成的液滴的大小可能会有所不同，并有助于药物在肺部的沉积和最终的生物利用度。电子烟产品的日益普及导致越来越多的互联网资源提倡在电子烟中使用尼古丁以外的药物（DOTN）。本研究的目的是确定各种电子烟和电子烟液的修改（例如线圈电阻、电池电压以及乙二醇和药物配方）对气溶胶粒径的影响。含有 12 mg/mL 尼古丁的电子液体以 100% 丙二醇 (PG)、100% 植物甘油 (VG) 或 50:50 PG:VG 的二醇组合物制备，在三个电压和三个线圈电阻下雾化。甲基苯丙胺和美沙酮电子烟液以 50:50 PG:VG 的浓度配制为 60 mg/mL，所有电子烟液均雾化到 10 级微孔均匀沉积冲击器上。乙二醇沉积与药物沉积相关，大多数颗粒直径集中在0.172-0.5μm之间，代表肺部沉积。 100%PG烟油产生最大的气溶胶颗粒，100%VG和50:50PG:VG烟油产生<0.3μm的超细颗粒。超细颗粒的存在表明药物可以雾化并到达肺泡区域，突出了电子烟系统中雾化的 DOTN 的滥用潜力和过量风险。
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an alternate nicotine delivery system that generate a condensation aerosol to be inhaled by the user. The size of the droplets formed in the aerosol can vary and contributes to drug deposition and ultimate bioavailability in the lung. The growing popularity of e-cigarette products has caused an increase in internet sources promoting the use of drugs other than nicotine (DOTNs) in e-cigarettes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various e-cigarette and e-liquid modifications, such as coil resistance, battery voltage, and glycol and drug formulation, on the aerosol particle size. E-liquids containing 12 mg/ mL nicotine prepared in glycol compositions of 100% propylene glycol (PG), 100% vegetable glycerin (VG), or 50: 50 PG: VG were aerosolized at three voltages and three coil resistances. Methamphetamine and methadone e-liquids were prepared at 60 mg/ mL in 50: 50 PG: VG and all e-liquids were aerosolized onto a 10 stage MicroOrifice Uniform Deposit Impactor. Glycol deposition correlated with drug deposition, and the majority of particles centered between 0.172-0.5 mu m in diameter, representing pulmonary deposition. The 100% PG e-liquid produced the largest aerosol particles and the 100% VG and 50: 50 PG: VG e-liquids produced ultra-fine particles < 0.3 mu m. The presence of ultrafine particles indicates that drugs can be aerosolized and reach the pulmonary alveolar regions, highlighting a potential for abuse and risk of overdose with DOTNs aerosolized in an e-cigarette system.