Diseases and parasites in wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations
Diseases and parasites in wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations
复制标题
DOI：
10.1139/cjfas-55-s1-247
复制
发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Harris, PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bakke, TA;Harris, PD
野生和管理的鲑鱼种群的传染病的生态学进行了审查。很少有病原体在野外引起重大的疾病流行，尽管返回的成虫的寄生虫有最好的记录，但幼仔中的疾病（例如，Gyrodactylus salaris）可能是最重要的。海洋阶段的寄生虫种类最多，但很少有可能是重要的病原体，尽管缺乏确凿的证据，因为无法追踪患病的鲑鱼。强调作为一种免疫抑制剂的鱼类在退化的栖息地的重要性进行了讨论。此外，释放和放养也可能降低了野生鱼类的遗传抗病能力。我们注意到，粘虫、呋喃虫、G. salaris和海虱是今后最有可能威胁野生和管理的鲑鱼种群的病原体。尽管对养殖鲑鱼的病原体进行了大量的研究，但对它们对野生或管理种群的影响知之甚少，在疾病成为鲑鱼保护的限制因素之前，迫切需要一个足够的鲑鱼疾病流行病学理论框架。
The ecology of infectious diseases in wild and managed salmon populations is reviewed. Few pathogens have caused significant disease epidemics in the wild, and although parasites of returning adults are best documented, diseases among parr (e.g., Gyrodactylus salaris) are probably most important. The greatest diversity of parasites is known from the marine phase but few are likely to be significant pathogens, although conclusive evidence is lacking because diseased salmon cannot be tracked. The importance of stress as an immunosuppressant of fishes in degraded habitats is discussed. In addition, releases and restocking have probably also reduced the genetic disease resistance of wild fishes. We note that myxozoans, furunculosis, G. salaris, and sea lice are the pathogens most likely to threaten wild and managed salmon stocks in future. Despite abundant research on pathogens of farmed salmon, little is known of their impact on wild or managed stocks and an adequate theoretical framework for salmon disease epidemiology is urgently needed before disease becomes a limiting factor in salmon conservation.