Accelerated soil formation due to paddy management on marshlands (Zhejiang Province, China)
Accelerated soil formation due to paddy management on marshlands (Zhejiang Province, China)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.09.005
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Koegel-Knabner, I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koelbl, A.;Schad, P.;Koegel-Knabner, I.
淹没水稻生产的稻田土壤的淹没严重影响土壤的形成。在这里，我们使用长达 2000 年耕作历史的年代序列来比较非淹没（非水稻）耕作系统中的土壤形成与水稻生产所用土壤的形成。这种方法使我们能够确定农业管理在成土不同阶段的影响。土壤样品取自浙江省（中国）沿海地区均匀母质的两个年代序列。一个年代序列由不同年龄（50-2000年）的水稻土组成，其特点是每年在洪水条件下种植水稻与非洪水作物交替种植的种植序列。相邻的非淹没（非水稻）年代序列专门用于非淹没作物生产 50-700 年。脂质生物标志物揭示了原始沿海沉积物的起源和同质性，并能够重建两个时间序列一致的土地利用历史。土壤性质和层位的年代发展表明，水稻土的形成可分为三个阶段。稻田土壤发育的初始阶段只需要几十年的时间，主要是脱盐和压实犁盘的形成，从氟维土到炭疽土。在接下来的几个世纪（第二阶段），水稻和非水稻管理之间的区别在碳酸盐加速流失和水稻表土有机碳浓度不断增加方面变得越来越明显。在水稻土发育的第三阶段（> = 700年），氧化物的（反）形成和重新分布伴随着水稻底土中清晰可见的水形态模式，从而促进了从甘比土到水生土的进一步发展。为了解释潜在的过程，我们建议修改世界土壤资源参考基准分类中炭黑和水土层定义的深度和斑驳标准。非水稻年代序列的特点是土壤发育程度低，其中脱钙相关过程在整个 700 年的土壤形成过程中占主导地位。因此，尽管2000年历史的水稻土缺乏硅酸盐风化高级阶段、成土粘土矿物形成或粘土迁移的证据，但相对于旱地种植，水稻管理下的土壤形成速度加快。 (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Inundation of paddy soils for submerged rice production strongly impacts soil formation. Here we used chronosequences with up to 2000 years of cultivation history to compare soil formation in non-inundated (non-paddy) cropping systems with the formation of soils used for paddy rice production. This approach allowed us to identify the influence of agricultural management at different stages of pedogenesis. Soil samples were taken from two chronosequences derived from uniform parent material in the coastal region of the Zhejiang Province (P.R. China). One chronosequence consisted of paddy soils of different ages (50-2000 years), characterized by a yearly cropping sequence of rice cultivation under flooded conditions alternated with a non-inundated crop. The adjacent non-inundated (non-paddy) chronosequence was exclusively used for non-inundated crop production for 50-700 years. Lipid biomarkers revealed origin and homogeneity of the original coastal sediments and enabled the reconstruction of a consistent land use history for both chronosequences. The chronological development of soil properties and horizons suggested that the formation of paddy soils can be subdivided into three phases. The initial phase of paddy soil development takes only a few decades and is dominated by desalinization and formation of a compacted plow pan, leading from Fluvisols to Anthraquic Cambisols. During the next centuries (second phase), the differentiation between paddy and non-paddy management becomes increasingly obvious in terms of accelerated carbonate losses and constantly increasing organic carbon concentrations in paddy topsoils. In the third stage of paddy soil development (>= 700 years), a (trans-)formation and redistribution of oxides is accompanied by clearly visible hydromorphic patterns in paddy subsoils, thus promoting further development from Cambisols to Hydragric Anthrosols. To account for the underlying processes we suggest modifying the depth and mottling criteria for the definitions of anthraquic and hydragric soil horizons in the classification of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. The non-paddy chronosequence was characterized by a low degree of soil development in which decalcification-related processes dominated throughout 700 years of soil formation. Hence, soil formation under paddy management was accelerated relative to that under dryland cropping, even though the 2000-year-old paddy soils lacked evidence of an advanced stage of silicate weathering, formation of pedogenic clay minerals, or clay migration. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.