THE PHYLLOPLANE MICROFLORA OF RIPENING WHEAT AND EFFECT OF LATE FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS
THE PHYLLOPLANE MICROFLORA OF RIPENING WHEAT AND EFFECT OF LATE FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1744-7348.1986.tb03190.x
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发表时间：
1986-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
LACEY, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MAGAN, N;LACEY, J
春小麦的旗叶和穗。Timmo（1980）和冬小麦cv. Maris Huntsman在1981年和1982年被各种微生物定殖，这些微生物的数量在开花和收获之间迅速增加。优势菌群为酵母菌、酵母样真菌和丝状真菌，包括枝孢霉属，蜡蚧轮枝菌、链格孢菌、镰刀菌。和黑附球菌（Epicoccum nigrum）。虽然相似的物种是孤立的，他们的相对丰富的旗叶和穗不同。杀真菌剂captafol是最有效的保护剂，并显着减少真菌的群体旗叶和穗分别为6和4周，与未处理的对照组相比。苯菌灵和得乐灵M（多菌灵+代森锰）是最有效的全身喷雾剂和制剂。一般而言，杀真菌剂影响酵母菌、酵母样真菌和枝孢属的种群。而链格孢属对所有处理均耐受。在G.S.单次晚杀菌剂处理后，两季冬小麦平均增产0.2t ha ~（-1）（2.4%）。50或60和0.41 t ha ~（-1）（5.1%）时，这与早期喷雾防治叶面病害（G.S. 38-40）。在G.S.，单独处理使产量增加了12%，施用之间几乎没有差异。50或60。产量效益主要来源于增加的千粒重。处理过的谷粒的发芽仅略有增加。
Flag leaves and ears of spring wheat cv. Timmo (in 1980) and winter wheat cv. Maris Huntsman in 1981 and 1982 were colonized by a variety of micro-organisms whose numbers increased rapidly between anthesis and harvest. The predominant mycoflora were yeasts, yeast-like fungi and filamentous fungi which included Cladosporium spp., Verticillium lecanii, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp. and Epicoccum nigrum. Although similar species were isolated, their relative abundance on flag leaves and ears differed. The fungicide captafol was most effective as a protectant and significantly decreased populations of fungi on flag leaves and ears for 6 and 4 wk respectively, compared to untreated controls. Benomyl and Delsene M (carbendazim + maneb) were the most effective of the systemic sprays and formulations. In general, fungicides affected populations of yeasts, yeast-like fungi and Cladosporium spp. most while Alternaria was tolerant of all treatments. Yields of winter wheat were increased in two seasons by an average 0.2 t ha-1 (2.4%) following a single late fungicide treatment at G.S. 50 or 60 and 0.41 t ha-1 (5.1%) when this was combined with an early spray against foliar diseases (G.S. 38-40). Individual treatments increased yield by up to 12% with little difference between applications at G.S. 50 or 60. The yield benefit came mainly from increased 1000-grain weights. Germination of the treated grain was increased only slightly.